Distillation/extraction tobacco extracts

The water extract from Nicotiana tabacum was prepared by distillation of nicotine contained liquor from tobacco leaves, as described in D.R. Patent No. 319,846 September 12, 1913. 

Extraction of Tobacco. Methoprene is used on tobacco against the cigarette beetle and the tobacco moth. Methoprene-treated tobacco samples were extracted following a procedure for the extraction of plant materials for determining methoprene residues by GC (21). Known amounts of methoprene in 1 mL methanol were added to 1 g portions of shredded tobacco, mixed well and allowed to thoroughly air dry. The spiked tobacco was then stirred with a 25 mL mixture of acetonitrile/water/Celite 45 (250 mL/30 mL/10 g). The mixture was filtered by suction and the filter cake was washed with acetonitrile/water. The filtrate was extracted with ether, distilled water, and sodium chloride. Ether extracts were combined and washed three times with distilled water, dried, filtered and the solvent removed. The residue was taken up into methanol (1 mL) and applied to the pre-coated microtiter plates (5 jxL methanol/well), followed by the anti-methoprene antibody as described above. 

Derivation By distilling tobacco with milk of lime and extracting with ether. 

Isolation of volatile compounds by simultaneous steaia distillation-hexane extraction (SDE) Frozen burley tobacco stalks (1-4 kg) were cut perpendicular to the main axis into 0.5-cra sections and placed in a 12-L flask with 4 L of distilled water. The flask contents were steam distilled for 4 h in a continuous extraction apparatus of the type described by Likens and Nickerson... 

Fatty acids as precursors of volatiles in steam distillate-hexane extracts of tobacco and wheat Relative abundances of specific fatty acids in hydrolysates of 2 varieties of burley tobacco stalk and 1 variety of wheat (whole plant Including leaves and stems) are given in Table III. 

A new photometric determination of volatile bases in tobacco and tobacco smoke in terms of nicotine, which compares quantitatively with mass spectral and g.c. methods, has been developed.27 A colorimetric method for the estimation of nicotine alkaloids in tobacco by reaction with cyanogen bromide and 4,4 -di-aminostilbene-2,2 -disulphonic acid has also been reported.28 Dilute sulphuric acid extraction of nicotine and anabasine from autopsy tissue appears to be a more efficient method than extraction with acidified ethanol, aqueous oxalic acid, and steam distillation.29 Thin-layer chromatography has been effective in the analysis of nicotine and other alkaloids and drugs.30 Two reports on the isolation of anabasine from anabasine-lupinine mixtures have appeared.31 The P a values of some nicotine-type compounds have been determined.32... 

Nishimura and Mihara (1990) investigated 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-l-ones in a steam-distilled coffee extract and identified ten compounds of this class, seven of them being reported for the first time in a natural flavor and some even being original chemicals. Procedures used for their syntheses are described. All the 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-l-ones were also identified in a model reaction, when sucrose, the major component of green coffee, was heated with alkali in aqueous solution. Some had been previously found in maple syrup or tobacco. We are reminded that Gianturco et al. (1963) mentioned for the first time the presence of these typical, sweet, caramel-like and burnt compounds in a roasted coffee extract. 

Hamamelis. Witch hazel winter bloom snapping hazel striped alder spotted alder tobacco wood. Dried leaves of Hamamelis virginiatta L Hamamelidaceae, collected in autumn. History of hamamelis extract and distillate Lloyd. Lloyd, /. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 24, 220 (1935). Habit. North America (New England to Minnesota, southward to Louisiana). Constit. Hamamelitannin, q.v., gallic add, volatile oil, bitter prindple. 

LaVoie, E.J., P. Tncciarone, M. Kagan, J.D. Adams, and D. Hoffmaim Analyses of steam distillates and aqneons extracts of smokeless tobacco J. Agr. Pood Chem. 37 2327b. 

Moldoveanu, S.C., J.L. Roles, and Q. Zha Study of the volatile compounds from tobacco using steam distillation-solvent extraction and other extraction techniques 50th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 50, Paper No. 42, 1996, pp. 44-45. 

In 1807, Gaspare CerioU, Professor at the Lyceum in Cremona, reported on an Olio essentiale (an essential oil), which he had obtained by distillation of aqueous tobacco extracts, and two years later, the well-known French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829) described the preparation ofthe Essence de Tabac . In 1828, the chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann (1804-1872) and the physician Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt (1806-1877) delivered a paper About tobacco, its chemistry and physiology at the University of Heidelberg, in which they described the isolation of the alkaloid nicotine and its toxic effect on dogs and rabbits. 

Nicotine is obtained from tobacco plants by extraction or steam distillation. Particularly suitable for this, just as for caffeine, is destraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. [567] Nicotine-rich Mapacho is cultivated for this purpose in the USA but also the waste from tobacco processing is a suitable source. The annual worldwide production for pharmaceutical purposes reaches a total of around 35-40 tonnes, whereof most is attributed to nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine containing patches, nasal spray, chewing gum, lollipops) for smoking cessation. 

Supercritical fluid extraction (SEE) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) has been successfully used for isolation of volatile nitrosamines from different matrices such as tobacco and food products. This technique presents several advantages with respect to other extraction methods (e.g., mineral oil distillation or low-temperature vacuum distillation) currently used. Thus, SEE minimizes sample handling, provides fairly clean extracts, expedites sample preparation, and reduces the use of environmentally toxic solvents. Good results have also been obtained with the use of SPE in the analysis of food matrices combining extraction with Extrelut sorbent and purification with Florisil. This method is applicable for the analysis of a range of the most widely encountered volatile N-nitrosamines, including the poorly volatile NDBA, NDBzA, and N-nitroso-N-methylaniline in various food products. Active carbon is suitable for this preconcentration step due its low cost, versatility, and easy application. 

Many plant metabolites marketed as natural pesticides are in fact more toxic than their synthesized competitors for example, rotenone (extracted from the roots of certain members of the bean plant family) has been used as a crop insecticide since the mid-19th century to control leafeating caterpillars, but is six times more toxic to mammals on a strictly comparable basis than carbaryl, a synthetic chemical also effective for caterpillar control. Nicotine sulfate is extracted from tobacco by steam distillation or solvent extraction and has been used as a pesticide since the early 20th century it is six times more toxic than diazinon, a widely available synthetic insecticide sold for control of many of the same pests. The best known work in this area (Ames 1990, 1990a, 1997) used the Ames test (Ames 1973, 1973a) to compare potencies of natural and synthetic pesticide compounds with respect to mutagenicity in special bacterial strains. While some of the conclusions of this work are controversial (Tomatis 2001), it does at least emphasize the importance of development of analytical methods for natural as well as synthetic compounds in foodstuffs. In this section an example of each is considered. 

F Essence/absolue de sauge sclaree C. is steam-distilled from the flowering tops and foliage of - clary sage the - essential oil is a colorless to pale yellow or pale olive mobile liquid with a sweet, herbaceous, initially fresh odor, which gradually fades into a soft tobacco-like, balsamic note also reminiscent of tea and ambergris. These characteristics ate even mote apparent in the - absolute, produced by hydrocarbon solvent extraction via - concrete from the same plant. 

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