Extract from Nicotiana tabacum

Extract from Nicotiana tabacum Calcium hydroxide Calcium sulfate... 

The water extract from Nicotiana tabacum was prepared by distillation of nicotine contained liquor from tobacco leaves, as described in D.R. Patent No. 319,846 September 12, 1913. 

Extracts of crown galls from Nicotiana tabacum, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, and Scorzonera hispanica catalyse the formation of lysopine [JV l-carboxy-ethyl)lysine] from lysine, pyruvic acid, and NADH, and of octopinic acid [Af -(l-carboxycthyl)ornithine] from ornithine, pyruvic acid, and NADH. Extracts from normal tissues of the same plants are unable to catalyse the reactions.[ C]Lysine and diamino[ C]pimelic acid are incorporated into lysopine and into pipecolic acid in crown gall tissue, and it appears likely that lysine in crown gall tissue is not catabolized in the normal way, through pipecolic add or a-aminoadipic acid, but rather transferred into lysopine. 

Manganese oxides have been used to remediate contaminated soils as well. Hydrous manganese oxides decreased Cd and Pb in rye grass (Lolium spp.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from soils with pH 7.4-7.8 (Mench et al., 1994). Cadmium concentrations decreased in water and in 0.1 M Ca(N03)2 and acetic acid extracts of treated soils (Mench et al., 1994). 

The 1-pro-7 -hydrogen is lost on oxidizing geraniol with a cell-free extract from Cannabis sativa (Vol. 7, p. 9, ref. 96), asymmetric microbial reduction of ( )-citronellal to (-)-citronelloI is reported, and callus cultures of Nicotiana tabacum selectively hydroxylate linalool, dihydrolinalool, and the derived acetates at the -methyl group [e.g. to give (59)]. ... 

Both cell culture with a lipophilic extraction phase and with a polar extraction phase have been reported to be helpful for the accumulation and detection of secondary substances [7,8]. Plant cell cultures release lipophilic and volatile substances such as ethylene, ethanol, and acetaldehyde. The addition of a lipophilic phase to the culture medium can be used as a means of accumulating and detecting these substances. Maisch et al. [8] found that the addition of XAD-4 resin to Nicotiana tabacum cultures enhanced the production of phenolic secondary metabolites several times compared to the adsorbent-free control. Kim and Chang [9] reported in situ extraction for enhanced shikonin production by Lithospermum erythrorhizon. When n-hexadecane was added to the cultivation, higher specific shikonin productivity was obtained than that from the cultures of free cells without extraction. They also suggested that n-hexadecane addition at an early stage in calcium alginate immobilized cell cultures was effective for shikonin production. Most of the produced shikonin was dissolved in n-hexadecane, so it would reduce the costs for shikonin separation. 

Nicotine, an alkaloid, is extracted from leaves of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum and Nic-otiana rustica). It is used in home gardens and greenhouses for control of sucking insects such as leafhoppers, aphids, scales, thrips, and whiteflies. However, the use of nicotine is rapidly declining and is being replaced by newer synthetic insecticides because of its comparatively high mammalian toxicity. Its oral LD50 in rats is 55 mg/kg. 

Recently, Liu (1995) studied how the pH values of NH4 oxalate extractants affected the amounts of Mo extracted from Kentucky soils and the relationships between soil Mo and the Mo taken up by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and soybean plants grown in a greenhouse. The rationale for the study was that in humid regions, plants absorb Mo from... 

Tobacco is derived from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), and it was used to treat headache and toothache. However, it is not used as a medicine now, and smoking tobacco is now a global addictive habit. Tobacco leaf contains a large amount of nicotine (2-8%), and the nicotine extracted as nicotine sulfate is used as an insecticide in agriculture. Tobacco leaf contains more than ten related alkaloids other than nicotine, and all of these alkaloids possess a pyridine skeleton with 3-substitution. The main alkaloids other than nicotine, anabasine and nor-nicotine, are isolated from the leaf material, and these alkaloids also possess insecticidal activity. 

Mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata L.) were obtained from commercial sources and used within 2-3 days after harvest. Tobacco leaves Nicotiana tabacum L.) were grown in a greenhouse. Sprouts or extracts were exposed to [ C]ethylene in a... 

A xylan extracted from the holocellulose present in the stalks of Nicotiana tabacum has been purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The results of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis with acid, and enzymic hydrolysis indicated that the xylan is composed of a straight chain of approximately 100 /S-(l -> 4)-linked D-xylopyranosyl residues. Curie point-g.l.c. of the xylan yielded 2-furaldehyde, which is probably formed via 3-deoxy-D- /ycero-pent-2-ulose. Another major product was identified as 3-hydroxy-2-penteno-1,5-lactone (21) by high-resolution m.s. this lactone has also been prepared by pyrolysis of a hexuronic acid-containing xylan from beech. Since the tobacco-stalk xylan contains no acidic components, the lactone (21) must arise by... 

A xylan has been isolated from the stalks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by alkaline extraction (52). Methylation analysis, acid hydrolysis and hydrolysis with an endo-P-l,4-xylanase confirm that the tobacco xylan is a linear, unbranched chain of P-4-linked xylosyl residues. 

Isol. from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), hop oil (Humulus lupulus), clover (Trifolium repens), tea, tomatoes, various fruits and other vegetable sources. Industrial solvent, particularly for coating systems, used in the manuf. of resins and in lubricating oil refining. Reagent for sepn. of amines by glc. Used for extraction separation of Au. Liq. Part misc. H2O. dj 0.805. Fp —85.9°. Bp 79.6°. 1.3814. Forms constant-boiling mixt. with H2O, B.p. 73.4°, contg. 11.3% H2O. 

All N tabacum plants evaluated for insect resistance and cuticular chemistries were grown under field conditions normally used for the production of flue-cured tobacco at the Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC the Crops Research Laboratory, Oxford, NC and the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Other Nicotiana species were evaluated at Ojdbrd, NC or Tifton, GA. From 1984-1987 70 accessions of 64 Nicotiana species were planted to evaluate their effects on tobacco budworm and hornworm oviposition in field plots and in choice tests versus NC 2326 in cages (20). In 1985 and 1986 the different Nicotiana species were grown in the field and cuticular chemical extracts were obtained and analyzed in 1985. Field plots were also screened for natural infestations of insect pests. 

Most Nicotiana species have multicellular, glanded leaf trichomes which may produce chemical secretions containing diterpenes and/or sugar esters with C2 to C,o acyl moieties. These components affect tobacco aphids, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, in several ways, including influencing the acceptance or rejection of plants for colonization by alate migrant aphids, and the survival and fecundity of alate and apterous aphids. Cuticular diterpenes and sucrose esters were isolated from the cuticular extracts of aphid resistant and susceptible N. tabacum genotypes. These compounds were applied topically to the backs of apterous aphids. 

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