Disposal of waste

Life-cycle analysis, in principle, allows an objective and complete view of the impact of processes and products on the environment. For a manufacturer, life-cycle analysis requires an acceptance of responsibility for the impact of manufacturing in total. This means not just the manufacturers operations and the disposal of waste created by those operations but also those of raw materials suppliers and product users. 

When viewing effluent treatment methods, it is clear that the basic problem of disposing of waste material safety is, in many cases, not so much solved but moved from one place to another. The fundamental problem is that once waste has been created, it cannot be destroyed. The waste can be concentrated or diluted, its physical or chemical form can be changed, but it cannot be destroyed. 

Compatibihty of acetone with other materials should be carefliUy considered, especially in disposal of wastes. It reacts with chlorinating substances to form toxic chloroketones, and potentially explosively with some peroxy compounds and a number of oxidizing mixtures. Mixed with chloroform, acetone will react violently in the presence of bases. Other incompatibilities ate Hsted in the Sax handbook (53). 

Disposal of waste or spilled caustic soda must meet all federal, state, and local regulations and be carried out by properly trained personnel. Accidental spills of dry caustic are shoveled and flushed with water caustic soda solutions must be diluted and neutralized with acid before discharging into sewers. Dilute acetic acid may be used to neutralize final traces of caustic. 

Developments in hydiaulic fluids are driven by environmental concerns including disposal of waste, waste rninirnization, biotoxicity, effects on human... 

Resource Conservation and ecoveTy Jict. The RCRA focuses on the proper disposition of waste from industrial processes. The interface to printing ink is primarily solvents, which can be flammable, and ingredients in ink that can contribute to the presence of certain heavy metals. The proper interface is the safe disposal of waste inks, but is often confused with disposal of printing matter. 

L. Y. Hess, Reprocessing and Disposal of Waste Petroleum Oils, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., 1979. 

P. A. Vesilind, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Water Sludges, Ann Arbor Science PubHshers, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1974. 

Other methods for safely cleaning apparatus containing sodium residues or disposing of waste sodium are based on treatment with bismuth or lead (103), inert organic Hquids (104—106), or by reaction with water vapor carried in an inert gas stream (107). 

The two principal methods of softening water for municipal purposes are addition of lime or lime-soda and ion exchange. The choice method depends upon such factors as the raw-water quaUty, the local cost of the softening chemicals, and means of disposing of waste streams. 

B) Any contamination of the environment or damage to natural resources at a facility owned or operated hy Seller or a facility/location chosen hy Seller for its disposal of Wastes or any other facility at which Seller s Wastes may he released or threatened to he released, including any liability imposed by federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances, including, but not limited to, the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 USC 9601 etseq., the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 USC 6901 et seq., or comparable and applicable state legal requirements or any extension or revision thereof or... 

Has there ever been any on-site disposal of wastes If yes, explain. 

Are there written procedures for the safe disposal of waste resulting from cleaning ... 

Product information in detail should be available and potential hazards should have been identified and occupational health preventive measures taken. Safe disposal of waste should be well under control. 

Disposal of waste primer, paint, oil and grease scum... 

Dispose of wastes and empty eontainers by different routes. 

The disposal of waste oils is largely governed in the UK by the EPA 90. Waste oils are a Special Waste covered by Special Waste Regulations. Establishments handling more than 500 litres per annum have a duty to maintain records. There are also requirements for record keeping where waste oils contain toxic impurities and so become Special Waste . 

Ail the parameters on which various consents (or permissions to dispose of, waste streams) are based must be reliably measured and recorded. This is easier to achieve with gaseous emissions (Chapter 10) and liquid effluents than with heterogeneous solid wastes. Systematic analysis of solid wastes will cover as a minimum the information in Table 17.15. 

EEC Directive on the classification, etc. of dangerous substances 73/404/EEC Directive relating to detergents 75/439/EEC Directive on the disposal of waste oils... 

It is hoped that this book will prove valuable to safety advisers, environmental health offieers, emergeney serviees personnel, safety representatives and those engaged in the transport or disposal of wastes - in faet, to anyone involved with ehemieals in the field , i.e. away from ready aeeess... 

Flare and Burners - Certainly the oldest and still widely used technology through some parts of the world is flaring. Flares are used in the petroleum, petrochemical, and other industries that require the disposal of waste gases of high concentration of both a continuous or intermittent basis. As other thermal oxidation technologies, the three T s of combustion of time, temperature, and turbulence are necessary to achieve adequate emission control. 

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