Treatment and Disposal of Wastes

P. A. Vesilind, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Water Sludges, Ann Arbor Science PubHshers, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1974. 

Bernard Manowitz, Treatment and Disposal of Wastes in Nuclear Chemical Technology George A. Sofer and Harold C. Weingartner, High Vacuum Technology Theodore Vermeulen, Separation by Adsorption Methods Sherman S. Weidenbaum, Mixing of Solids... 

Treatment and Disposal of Wastes in Nuclear Chemical Technology... 

In order to provide a liaison channel between researchers in the field of pollution prevention and potential implementors of new and improved pollution prevention techniques, the EPA has joined with the University of Cincinnati in establishing the Waste Reduction Institute for Scientists and Engineers (WRISE). This new channel is important because of the unique nature of EPA s pollution prevention program and because EPA s ultimate clientele for this research are, to a large part, individuals in industry with whom EPA, traditionally, has not directly dealt, i.e., those people concerned with the processes that generate pollutants as opposed to those people who are concerned with the treatment and disposal of wastes. 

The requirements for managing hazardous chemical waste are sufficiently different from those for radioactive waste that treatment and disposal of waste that contains both types of substances is greatly impeded. Large volumes of waste that contains hazardous chemicals and radionuclides (referred to as mixed waste ) are presently being stored because the inconsistency in regulations has resulted in inadequate treatment and disposal capacity. 

RCRA-regulated facilities operated by the Dow Chemical Company characterize all hazardous and nonhazardous wastes generated on-site or received from off-site locations according to a waste analysis plan as required by RCRA and prepared in accordance with federal and state regulations.28 The waste analysis plan is a part of the RCRA permit for the facility and describes the procedures used to collect information needed for the storage, treatment, and disposal of waste either on-site or at an off-site facility. Specified in the waste analysis plan are the following elements ... 

Brown, K. W., B. L. Carlile, R. H. Miller, E. M. Rutledge, and E. C. A. Runge. 1985. Utilization, treatment, and disposal of waste water on land. In Proceedings of a Workshop in Chicago, IL. December 6-7,1985. Soil Science Society America, Madison, WI. 

The American Petroleum Institute Publication 302 (1991) discusses source reduction, recycle, treatment, and disposal of wastes. Other source reduction techniques are given by Smith and Petela (1991). The U.K. Institution of Chemical Engineers has published a guide to waste minimization, IChemE (1997). 

Prior to passage of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA), control efforts within industry were reactive, focusing on treatment and disposal of waste, with pollution prevention also referred to as P2 . The act proposed a front-end approach to pollution control, reducing the amount of materials entering the production process. It also suggested technical support to business in order to put source reduction into practice. The policy states the following ... 

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES IN NUCLEAR CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY... 

In view of the high consumption of disposable cellulosic materials in developed societies, it is not surprising that more than half the total solid wastes of major urban centers consists of cellulosic materials of various types. These materials must be disposed of by reutilization, composting, or by incineration, of which the latter method is the most common. The resulting dumping grounds, and the smoke and particulate materials that enter the atmosphere from incinerators, contribute substantially to urban environmental pollution. Alternative microbiological or enzymatic methods for treatment and disposal of waste materials will become ever more important future applications for cellulolytic enzymes. 

The solid wastes from permanganate production contain unreacted ore, precipitated MnOj as well as potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) salts. The treatment and disposal of wastes include the extraction of residual manganese, uses as an absorbent for air pollutants, as a micronutrient additive for fertilizers, as building materials, and as deposits in landfills (Reidies 2003). 

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