Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

Governs the keeping and use of radioactive substances and the storage and disposal of radioactive waste. 

With particular regard to the conditioning, storage, and disposal of radioactive wastes, a number of basic criteria may be identified that now are accepted widely as being of major importance. 

Written procedures shall be followed for the handling, collection, processing, storage and disposal of radioactive waste. These activities shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory body or other competent authority. 

Long-Term Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes... 

An interesting observation on long-term crevice tests of Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo-N alloys [21] is that well-developed crevice corrosion may stop spontaneously even though the environmental conditions do not change. If confirmed, such behavior could be of major importance because it would mean that crevice corrosion may not necessarily cause the failure of structures, particularly in applications involving thick materials such as the containers for long-term storage and disposal of radioactive wastes. 

Waste packages resulting from the conditioning of radioactive waste should be in accordance with estabUshed criteria and should comply with the limits and conditions for the handUng, transport, storage and disposal of radioactive waste. 

However no development of nuclear power industry is possible without appropriate solution of a variety of complex and expensive problems related to transportation, storage, processing and disposal of radioactive waste generated during both normal operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities including Nuclear Submarines (NS). 

As a radiochemist, I would like to note the great significance of chemically bonded ceramics for high level waste (HLW) treatment. It is well known that for safe storage, transportation, and disposal of radioactive waste streams, it is necessary to convert them to hardened forms. Therefore, the search for and development of a new solid matrix for immobilization of HLW forms are important, indeed. 

Martinez, J.D., Thoms, R.L., Smith, Jr., C.G., Kolb, C. R, Newchurch, E.J. and Wilcox, R.E., 1977. An investigation of the utility of Gulf Coast salt domes for the storage or disposal of radioactive wastes. Inst. Environ. Stud., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, Rep. No. Y/OWI/Sub-4112/37, 475 pp. 

Applicable to subsurface injection of biological nutrients, surfactants, oxidants, and so on that were prepared aboveground Apphcable to the treatment, storage, and disposal of mixed wastes containing both hazardous and radioactive components... 

The objective of packaging is to facilitate handling, interim storage, transport and disposal of radioactive waste in a safe manner. The container for packaging is basically a vessel/dmm/box made of metal, concrete, polymer or composite materials in different shapes, sizes. Standardisation of packaging is necessary to ensure compatibility of equipment as well as the handling and disposal techniques. The major functions of packaging containers are... 

The design should incorporate features that facilitate the safe handling, storage, transport and disposal of radioactive waste and the control of effluent discharges. 

In common with the programs of other countries, AECL intends to develop and demonstrate the technology for the disposal of radioactive waste produced in the operation of nuclear electric generating stations. Two basic options are available as shown in Figure 1. Following storage either at the reactor sites or at a central storage facility one may ... 

One of the most important applications of nuclear and radiochemistry is in the area of nuclear power. Chemistry and chemical processes are intimately involved in reactor operation, the preparation and processing of reactor fuel, and the storage and ultimate disposal of radioactive waste. In this chapter, we shall examine some of the most important chemistry associated with nuclear power. 

Radioactive waste management involves the treatment, storage, and disposal of liquid, airborne, and solid effluents from the nuclear industry s operations, along with those from other activities that employ the radioactive products. Its strategy involves four approaches limit generation, delay and decay, concentrate and contain, and dilute and disperse. Combinations of all four of these usually are employed to manage each waste stream.39... 

Buckham, J. A., Storage of Radioactive Solids in Undeground Facility Current ICPP Practices and Future Concepts, Symposium on the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes into the Ground, Vienna International Atomic Energy Agency, 1967, pp. 421-440. 

There is some consideration of ultimately disposing of these bottles into the sea. This may be well justified because of the relatively short half-life, the low radiotoxicity, and the chemical inertness of Kr. It may even reduce the Kr hazard in comparison with surface storage of high-pressure bottles. At present, however, the London Convention on sea disposal of radioactive waste permits only disposal of solid waste. 

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