Disperse Violet

Disperse reds are second only to blues as the most important disperse color manufactured. AU. commercial disperse reds are monoazo dyes. In 1988, Disperse Red 73 (98, R = CN) had production of 270 tons valued at nearly 1.6 million. Disperse Violet 24 (99) is produced from diazotized 2-hromo-4,6-dinitroani1ine by coupling with 2-(A/-butyl-y -toluidine)ethanol. 

Anthraquinone Dyes. These dyes have much supeiioi weatheiabihty and heat stabihty compared with the azos, but at higher cost. Typical examples ate Solvent Red 111, Disperse Violet 1, Solvent Blue 56, and Solvent Green 3. 

Cl Disperse Violet 26 is prepared by the reaction of l,4-diamino-2,3-dichloroanthraquinone (Cl Disperse Violet 28 (35)) with potassium phenoxide in phenol as a solvent at high temperature. Introduction of phenoxy groups into the 2,3-position shifts the shade to bright, reddish violet and improves the lightfastness and sublimation resistance. 

Cl Disperse Yellow 42 Cl Disperse Orange 11 Cl Disperse Orange 29 Cl Disperse Violet 1 Cl Disperse Violet 31 Cl Disperse Blue 56 Cl Disperse Blue 165 Resolin Red FRL (DyStar) Resolin Yellow 5GL (DyStar) With y-cyclodextrin Cl Disperse Orange 11... 

Figure 10.13 Exhaustion rates of Cl Disperse Violet 1 on untreated wool in dyeing using liposomes at different lipid concentrations and constant dye concentration [58]...

Dyes for cellulose acetate are relatively simple molecules, typified by Cl Disperse Red 15 (6.39 X = OH), Cl Disperse Violet 4 (6.39 X = NHCH3) and Cl Disperse Blue 3 (6.40), the last-named being manufactured from leucoquinizarin and the appropriate amines. The unsymmetrically substituted product inevitably contains significant amounts of the related symmetrical compounds. The widely used Cl Disperse Blue 3 is known to cause skin sensitisation when on nylon [17] and can also provoke an allergic reaction [18]. Bright red 2-alkoxy-l-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinones, such as Cl Disperse Red 4 (6.41), can be obtained from l-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone by hydrolysis to give l-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone (Cl Disperse Violet 17), which is then condensed with the appropriate alcohol. 

Monoarylation of l-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone (6.39 X = OH) results in violet dyes such as Cl Disperse Violet 27 (6.44 R = H) and the bluish violet Cl Disperse Blue 72 (6.44 R = CH3) the latter dye is also important as Cl Solvent Violet 13. Chlorination of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone with sulphuryl chloride gives the 2,3-dichloro derivative (Cl Disperse Violet 28), which on condensation with phenol yields Cl Disperse Violet 26 (6.45). Monoaryl or dialkyl derivatives of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (6.19 Cl Disperse Violet 1) are blue. Typical examples include Cl Disperse Blue 19 (6.46) and Cl Disperse Blue 23 (6.47). 

TLC separation of the components of black dye commercial product (BDCP) was performed on silica layers. The chemical structures of the dye components are shown in Fig. 3.17. Dyes were extracted from the effluent of the dye processing plant, from the untreated river water and from the drinking water treatment plant. The organic extracts were further concentrated and purified using a copolymer of styrene divinyl benzene. The mobile phase for TLC separation consisted of toluene-ethyl acetate (8 1, v/v). The Rp values of dye components were 0.43 (C. I. Disperse Violet 93), 0.48 (C. I. Disperse Orange 37) and 0.59 (C. I. Disperse Blue 373), respectively. 

Diumino-2.3-dichlornaiiihraquinone iCI Disperse Violet 28) is an important compound us an intermediate for Cl Disperse Blue 61) and Cl Disperse Violet 26, and is prepared by chlorination of leuco-1,4-diaminoanthraquinone with chlorine gas or sulfuryl chloride in an men organic solvent such as nitrobenzene. 

The synthesis of Disperse Red 4 employs the dibromoanthraquinone intermediate 33, which is hydrolyzed to compound 34 and converted to the target dye upon alcoholysis. See Fig. 13.115. The synthesis of Disperse Violet 26 is conducted in two steps (1) chlorination of Disperse Violet 1 in the 2,... 

SYNS ACID VIOLET A.F. VIOLET No 1 AIZEN FOOD VIOLET No 1 BENZYL VIOLET BENZYL VIOLET 3B CALCOCID VIOLET 4BNS C.I. 42640 C.I. FOOD VIOLET 2 COOMASSIE VIOLET DISPERSED VIOLET 12197 FORMYL VIOLET S4BN... 

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