Diseases and disorders

I he gastrointestinal (GI) tract is subject to more diseases and disorders than any other system of the body. Some drugs used for GI disorders are available as nonprescription drug, thereby creating the potential problems of misuse and overuse of the drugp and the disguising of more serious medical problems. 

Scriver CR et al (editors) The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of In-heritedDisease, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2001.(Various chapters in this text give in-depth coverage of topics such as I-cell disease and disorders of glycoprotein degradation.)... 

The pyrido[l,2,4,6]thiatriazine-5(6/7)-one 1,1-dioxide 2 was found to be useful in the treatment of nitric oxide synthase-mediated diseases and disorders <1996W018617>. 

Fatigue is a common characteristic of a number of somatic and psychiatric diseases and disorders. Patients suffering from syndromes where fatigue is the main constituent of the condition often report that the fatigue has a major impact on their quality of life. In what way does fatigue differ from general tiredness and sleepiness Fatigue is characterized as... 

The discussion of the clinical implications of G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH will be divided into two sections change of activities caused by diseases, and disorders caused by deficiency of enzymes. 

One of the ironic things about many abused drugs is that they often have a medicinal value and can actually be used to treat various diseases and disorders, given the proper medical supervision. However, the risks of abuse and overdose make them poor treatment options. 

Many diseases have been linked to components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These diseases affect several tissues and systems of the body. Major diseases connected to ubiquitin—proteasome-mediated proteolysis are different types of cancer and numerous diseases and disorders of the brain. 

Some pests, diseases, and disorders, and the techniques and materials listed here for prevention and control, are given fuller descriptions, and often pictured, in the chapter on Plant Health (pp.82-103) including mineral (nutrient) deficiencies, biological controls, traps and barriers, and "organic" fungicides and pesticides. Chapter 2, The Soil, contains more information on soil nutrient content and soil chemistry and pH pp.30-33). 

At the same time, researchers remain interested in learning more about the mechanisms by which some natural products exert their effects on the human body and chemical changes that can be made to produce more effective drugs. They also continue their search in the natural world for plants, marine organisms, and other materials that hold promise for possible medicinal uses in the treatment of a wide range of diseases and disorders. 

Dawson-Hughes, B. (2006a). Calcium and vitamin D. In "Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism" (M. J. Favus, ed.), pp. 257-259. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Washington DC. 

National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearing House (NKUDIC) (2005). What you should know about kidney stones. In "Urinary Tract and Kidney Diseases and disorders Sourcebook" 1. L. Alexander (ed.), (2005). pp. 348-360. Omnigraphics Inc., Detroit, MI. 

In developing an animal model of diseases and disorders, scientists... 

Test results that show medical diseases and disorders analyzed by medical personnel - Data provided to environmental engineer without personal identifiers... 

Chronic diseases and disorders of digestion, metabolism and immune function, such as chronic gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, food allergy and intolerance, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome and prolapse of organs. 

The brain and its infinite complexity will surely puzzle us for centuries to come. But, as with any other organ in the body, things can go wrong with the brain (and the behavior it controls). Whether it is Alzheimer s or Parkinson s disease, anxiety, depression, or schizophrenia, there is no shortage of possible diseases and disorders of the brain. And sleep, which the brain closely controls and monitors, is also susceptible to going out of whack. In recent decades, with the advancement of sleep research and improved knowledge about sleep, scientists and medical doctors have come to realize that sleep disorders are much more common than anyone previously imagined. In this chapter, we discuss some of the more common sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, as well as more rare disorders like narcolepsy and REM behavior disorder. 

Diseases and disorders resulting from a deficiency of thiamine include beriben, opisthotonos (in birds), polyneuritis, hyperesthesia, bradycardia, and edema. Rather than a specific disease, beriberi may be described as a clinical state resulting from a thiamine deficiency. In body cells, thiamine pyrophosphate is required for removing carbon dioxide from various substances, including pyruvic acid. Actually, this is accomplished by a decarboxylase of which thiamine pyrophosphate is a part. Where... 

Certain rare genetic disorders are associated with extremely low levels of HDL in serum. These include Tangier disease and disorders of LCAT. Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia is a more common disorder in which levels of HDL cholesterol are usually below 35 mg/dL, with apparent codominant transmission. These patients tend to have premature atherosclerosis, and the low HDL may be the only identified risk factor. Treatment should include special attention to avoidance of other risk factors. Niacin increases HDL cholesterol in many of these patients. Reductase inhibitors and fibric acid derivatives exert lesser effects. 

A broad spectrum of diseases in children are known (or suspected) to be associated with unhealthy environments. For much of the world, traditional environmental health hazards continue to remain the primary source of ill-health. These include lack of adequate nutrition, poor sanitation, contaminated water, rampant disease vectors (e.g. mosquitoes and malaria), and unsafe waste disposal. In addition, rapid globalization and industrialization coupled with unsustainable patterns of production and consumption have released large quantities of chemical substances into the environment. Although the term environmental exposure can encompass a variety of factors, the focus of this document is specifically on environmental chemical exposures. Most of these substances have not been assessed for potential toxicity to children, nor have the most vulnerable subpopulations of children been identified. The incidence of a number of important paediatric diseases and disorders (e.g. asthma, neurobehavioural impairment) is increasing in several parts of the world. Although a variety of factors are likely to be involved, this may be due, in part, to the quality of the environment in which children live, grow, and play. 

Spiro, H. M. (1975). Visceral viewpoints, the tools of our trade—some comments on disease and disorder. N. Engl. J. Med. 292, 575. 

Snowdon, A.L., Color Atlas of Post-Harvest Diseases and Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables. 2. Vegetables, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992. 

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