4,4’-Diphenyl sulfone poly

Polyarylether Ketones. The aromatic polyether ketones are tme thermoplastics. Although several are commercially available, two resins in particular, poly ether ether ketone [31694-16-3] (PEEK) from ICI and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) from Du Pont, have received most of the attention. PEEK was first synthesized in 1981 (20) and has been well studied it is the subject of numerous papers because of its potential use in high performance aircraft. Tough, semicrystalline PEEK is prepared by the condensation of bis(4-fiuorophenyl) ketone with the potassium salt of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ketone in a diaryl sulfone solvent, such as diphenyl sulfone. The choice of solvent is critical other solvents, such as Hquid HE, promote the reaction but lead to premature low molecular-weight crystals, which do not exhibit sufficient toughness (21). 

Diphenyl sulfone (DPS), 338 Diphenyl terephthalate-diphenyl isophthalate-bisphenol-A melt poly esterification, 111-112 Direct polyesterification, 63-69 Distinctness of image (DOI), 245 Divergent method, 8... 

The molecular weights of poly(ketone)s obtained from diphenyl ketone and diphenyl sulfone are lower than those from diphenyl ether and diphenyl sulfide. The former monomers possess highly electron-withdrawing carbonyl or sulfone groups, which lower the electron density of the rings. 

The poly(arylene ether sulfones) comprise strictly alternating bisphenol and diphenyl sulfone units. Similarly, "copolymers" were prepared using two different bisphenols, which produced a statistical sequence with the alternating diphenyl sulfone units. 

Xing, P., Robertson, G. R, Guiver, M. D., Mikhailenko, S. D. and Kaliaguine, S. 2004. Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing the hexafluoroisopro-pylidene diphenyl moiety prepared by direct copolymerization, as proton exchange membranes for fuel cell application. Macromolecules 37 7960-7967. 

Poly(aryl ether ketone) Cone, sulfuric acid, trifluorometh-anesulfonic acid, diphenyl sulfone, sulfolane Alcohol, ether, methylene chloride... 

Poly(phenylene sulfide) Above 200 °C dichlorobiphenyl, 1-chlo ronaphthalene, W-ethylpyrrolidone, -caprolactam, diphenyl ether, diphenyl sulfone ... 

Poly(arylene ether benzoxazole)s were also synthesized from the reaction of bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]s and activated aromatic difluoro monomers as shown in Eq. (7) [28,29]. The bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]s were readily prepared by condensation of the appropriate bis(o-aminophenol) (e.g. 3,3 -dihydroxy-4,4 -diaminobiphenyl) with phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate in diphenyl sulfone at 260°C. Under proper conditions, the less expensive 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be used in place of the phenyl ester to provide high yields of the desired bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole]s. As presented in Table 9, the hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) containing polymers were amorphous. These polymers were prepared in DMAc. However, the polymers derived from 6,6 -bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole] were prepared in diphenyl sul-... 

Poly(arylene ether benzimidazole)s have received more attention than any other PAE containing heterocyclic units. This is due primarily to their unique combination of properties even at relatively low molecular weights and their potential for use in several high performance applications. The initial report in 1991 involved polymers from the reaction of 3 different bis[(4-hydroxy-phenyl)benzimidazole]s with various activated aromatic difluoro monomers as shown in Eq. (10) [37]. The bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole]s were prepared from the reaction of aromatic bis(o-diamines) and phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate in diphenyl sulfone. The use of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid would obviously reduce the... 

Figure 8.12 TEM photographs of triblock copolymers dispersed in a DGEBA-diamine epoxy network. The triblock copolymer is polystyrene-b-polybuta-diene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate), and the epoxy hardener is (a) -methylene bis [3-chloro-2,6 diethylaniline], MCDEA, and (b) 4,4 -diamino diphenyl sulfone, DDS. In the case of the epoxy system based on MCDEA, the PMMA block is miscible up to the end of the epoxy reaction. In the case of the epoxy system based on DDS, the PMMA block phase-separates during reaction. (From LMM Library.)... 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

Ballard Advanced Materials (BAM) ionomers are sulfonated copolymers of trifluorostyrene and substimted trifluorostyrene monomers. BAM, a subsidiary of Ballard Power Systems, investigated the conducting polymers based on polyphenylquinoxaline (PPQ). These can be sulfonated in a wide range and were referred to as BAMIG (Ballard first generation) membranes, but these membranes were found to have short durability. To overcome this problem, BAM developed a second generation of advanced membranes based on two distinct material types. The first material type consisted of a series of sulfonated poly(2,6-diphenyl 1,4-phenylene oxide). The second material type consisted of a series of sulfonated poly(arylether sulfone). But the durability of these membranes was also insufficient. Since the durability of previous membranes was limited, Ballard produced a novel family of sulfonated membranes based on a,p,p-ttifluorostyrene monomers and a series of substituted ttifluoro-comonomers... 

Noshay and Robeson27 reviewed the extensive patent literature on poly(sulfonated aromatics) and their industrial applications. They carried out the sulfonation of a bisphenol-diphenyl sulfone polycondensate by means of a 2 1 S03/TEP complex38 in... 

PAN, Epoxy I, DGEBA (diglycyl ether of bisphenol A) epoxy resin with 35% w/w of diamino diphenyl sulfone hardener, T300, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based C fiber PTEDM, poly(2,2 -thiobisethanol dimethacrylate) PNDM, poly(W-methyldiethanolamine dimethacrylate). Oxyfiuorination is a proprietary treatment of Air Products and Chemicals that results in surface oxidation and fiuorination of fibers. 

SYNTHESIS Condensation polymerization of 3,3, 4,4 -tetraaminobiphenyl (TAB) and diphenyl isophthalate (DPIP) in poly(phosphoric) acid, or in a hot molten nonsolvent such as sulfolane or diphenyl sulfone. ... 

Tsuchida et al. [95,96] reported the synthesis of poly(thiophenylene sulfonic acid) containing up to two sulfonic acid groups per repeating unit. Polymerisation of 4-(methylsulfinyl)diphenyl sulfide in sulfuric add upon heating or in the presence of SO3 resulted in sulfonated poly(sulfonium cation), which was then converted into the corresponding sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide). 

Poly (biphenyl ether sulfone) s with improved poly-dispersity a lower level of undesirable low-molecular-weight oligomeric components, and improved melt flow properties have 4,4 -biphenylene, p-phenylene, 4,4 -diphenyl sulfone, and 2,2-diphenyl propane groups in the backbone [6]. 

From 2,5-bis(4-lluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxypheny)propane bisphenol A and 3, 3-disulfonate-4 4-dichloro diphenyl sulfone, a poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties was obtained [65]. From this polymer, proton exchange membranes have been fabricated. The sulfonated polyoxadiazole membranes exhibit excellent thermal, dimensional and oxidative stability, and a low methanol diffusion coefficient. Thus, these sulfonated polyoxadiazole membranes may be alternative materials for proton exchange membranes at medium to high temperature operations. 

P. Xing, G.P. Robertson, M.D. Guiver, S.D. Mikhalenko, S. Kaliaguine, Sulfonated Poly(aryl ether ketone)s Containing the Hexafluoroisopropylidene Diphenyl Moiety prepared by Direct Copolymerization, as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application, Mocrowo/., 37 (2004) 7960-7967... 

Chemical structures of (a) poly(ethersulfone) (b) polysulfone (c) sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (d) benzyl sulfonated poly(2,2 -/D-phenylene-5,5 -bibenzimidazole) (e) sulfonated polyiphenyl quinoxaline) (f) sulfonated poly(2,6-diphenyl-4-phenylene oxide). 

Bisphenol A based poly(arylene ether triphenylphosphine oxide/diphenyl sulfone) copolymers were solution blended with Bisphenol A dimethacrylate vinyl ester/styrene and cured with peroxide [921]. Increasing the triphenyl phosphine oxide content in the copolymer yielded improved solubihty in the vinyl ester/styrene mixture as well as the apparent miscibility of the crosslinked blend. With 100% triphenyl phosphine oxide in the copolymer, transparent blends with the cured vinyl ester were observed. Intermediate levels of the triphenyl phosphine oxide, however, gave the best fracture toughness (controlled phase separation appeared to be desired). 

Fig. 10 Some sulfonated hydrocarbons used alone or as blends with m-PBI. 1 sulfonated polystyrene 2 poly(benzylsulfonic acid siloxane) 3 sulfonated poly(etheretherketone) 4 sulfonated poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-l,4-phenylene) 5 sulfonated polysulfone 6 sulfonated polysulfone 7 sulfonated m-PBI 8 sulfonated poly(phenylquinoxalines) 9 sulfonated poly(2,6-diphenyl-4-phenylene oxide) 10 sulfonated polyphenylenesulfide. Reprinted with kind permission from [44]...

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