Sulfone copolymers

The resins used are highly cross-linked organic polymers with acidic functional groups. The most common of the resins used are sulfonated copolymers of styrene and divinylben2ene (see Ion exchange). 

Direct copolymerization techniques have also been employed in the s)m-thesis of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketones),i i polyimides, i 5 and poly(benzoimidazoles). The synthesis of random disulfonated biphenol poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (BPSH x where x represents the percentage of disulfonated diphenylsulfone moieties in the polymer versus unsulfonated diphenylsulfone moities) (14) is shown in Scheme 3.5. 

Miscellaneous Monolithic, Statistically Sulfonated Copolymer PEMs... 

Miscellaneous examples of monolithic, statistically sulfonated copolymer PEMs. 

Kim, Y. S., Dong, L., Hickner, M. A., Glass, T. E., Webb, V. and McGrath, J. E. 2003. State of water in disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers and a perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer (Nafion) and its effect on physical and electrochemical properties. Macromolecules 36 6281-6285. 

Schubert, M. A. Myers, J. P. Thrasher, G. T. Acrylic Acid-Sodium Styrene Sulfonated Copolymer Separator Coatings for Alkaline Electrolytes. Presented at the 202nd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Salt Lake City, UT. 

Presently, two commercial (or semicommercial) PEMs are based on styrene or styrene-like monomers BAM from Ballard, and Dais Analytic s sul-fonated styrene—ethylene—butylene—styrene (SEBS) membrane. Ballard Advanced Materials Corporation introduced a styrenic membrane based on a novel family of sulfonated copolymers incorporating a,/3,l3-trifluorostyrene and substituted a,y3, -trifluoro-styrene comonomers. These are registered as BAM membranes, and their general formula is given in Figure 3. 

Figure 29. Synthesis of sulfonated copolymers from l,4-bis(propylcarbamoyl)-2,3,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene, bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfone, and decafluorobiphenyl. i...

Cho et al. have recently described the synthesis of a sulfonimide containing monomer and the resulting poly (ary lene ether sulfone) copolymers. In this procedure 3,3 -disulfonate-4,4 —dichlorodiphenyl sulfone was refluxed in thionyl chloride, isolated, and then reacted with trifluoromethanesulfonamide in the presence of triethylamine to form the sulfonamide analogue monomer as shown in Figure 44. This... 

Sulfonated styrene, maleic anhydride (SS/MA) has proved to be a popular inhibitor for calcium phosphate control in stabilized phosphate and other polyphosphate programs. As such, it competes with other calcium phosphate control technologies, such as acrylic acid, hydroxypropyl acrylate copolymer (AA/HPA) and acrylic acid, 2-acrylimido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS, or sometimes known as AA/SA), and acrylic acid, sodium 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate copolymer (AA/COPS). 

Ferrous corrosion inhibitor, esp. for All Organic Programs POCA Phosphonocarboxylic (sulfonated) copolymer example Belclene 494... 

The aromatic polycarboxylates have generally been regarded as difficult to process at best. The sulfonate copolymer is similarly a high melt viscosity material. It can, however, be injection molded and extruded. In the interests of brevity we will not detail our experience in these areas, except to observe that only properly prepared and purified polysulfonates are stable to thermal processing, and predrying the resin prior to molding is preferred. 

Hydrocarbon copolymer Sulfonated copolymer Hydrocarbon copolymer Sulfonated copolymer ... 

Kim, Y. S. Wang, F. Hickner, M. Zawodzinski, T. A. McGrath, J. E., Fabrication and characterization of heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40)/directly polymerized sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer composite membranes for higher temperatnre fnel cell applications. Journal of... 

Ballard Advanced Materials (BAM) ionomers are sulfonated copolymers of trifluorostyrene and substimted trifluorostyrene monomers. BAM, a subsidiary of Ballard Power Systems, investigated the conducting polymers based on polyphenylquinoxaline (PPQ). These can be sulfonated in a wide range and were referred to as BAMIG (Ballard first generation) membranes, but these membranes were found to have short durability. To overcome this problem, BAM developed a second generation of advanced membranes based on two distinct material types. The first material type consisted of a series of sulfonated poly(2,6-diphenyl 1,4-phenylene oxide). The second material type consisted of a series of sulfonated poly(arylether sulfone). But the durability of these membranes was also insufficient. Since the durability of previous membranes was limited, Ballard produced a novel family of sulfonated membranes based on a,p,p-ttifluorostyrene monomers and a series of substituted ttifluoro-comonomers... 

The Incorporation of a weak link In the main chain of a olefin sulfone copolymer such as poly - 1 -butene sulfone Is a recent example of po mers with high G value and high sensitivity 10 coul/sq. cm. 

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