Fatty acids dimers

Purification of industrial oils, kerosene/jet fuel, lubricating oils Mono- dicumyldiphenylamine Mono- dioctyldiphenylamine Dimer fatty acids Purification of xylenes Improvement of bromine number of recycle cumene in phenol plants Improvement of bromine number of recycle ethylbenzene in styrene plants based on liquid pha.se oxidation Alkylation of xylenes with diisobutylenes to mono-/ rr-butyI derivatives Phenyl xylyl ethane... 

Dimerized fatty acid thioesters (with a dithiol) in combination with fatty amines are sulfur-containing corrosion inhibitors [888]. The corrosion inhibitor solvent is preferably a hydrocarbon. 

Ordinary dicarboxylic acids or dimeric fatty acids are condensed with fatty amines to give emulsion breakers [822,823,1029,1030]. Oxalkylated fatty amines and fatty amine derivatives have properties other than emulsion braking in particular, they can act as corrosion inhibitors and pour-point depressants. 

AJ Domb, M Maniar. Absorbable biopolymers derived from dimer fatty acids. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 31 1275-1285, 1993. 

Xu et al. (2001) synthesized the copolymers of a dimer fatty acid (dimer of oleic and linoleic acids) and sebacic acid (P(DA-SA)) by melt polycondensation of acetylated prepolymers. Degradation and drug release kinetics showed that increasing dimer acid content decreased the release rate (Xu et al., 2001). 

Nylons 6/6 and 6 comprise more than 90% of the polyamide market. The two have similar properties but nylon 6 has a lower Tm (223°C). Small amounts of nylons 6/9, 6/10, 6/12, 11, 12, 12/12, and 4/6 are produced as specialty materials. Those with more methylene groups than nylons 6/6 and 6 have better moisture resistance, dimensional stability, and electrical properties, but the degree of crystallinity, Tm, and mechanical properties are lower. Specialty nylons made from dimerized fatty acids find applications as hot-melt adhesives, crosslinking agents for epoxy resins, and thermographic inks. 

A Dimerized Fatty Acid Type Corrosion Inhibitor... 

A rhodium catalyst [Rh(cod)Cl]2 was applied at 140°C and 100 bar to achieve a yield of 99% in hydroaminomethylation of ethyl oleate and morpholine. Several amines were tested in the reaction with fatty compounds hexylamine, benzylamine, aspartic diethyl acid, valinol, and diisopropylamine are further amines which can be employed in hydroaminomethylation. The conversion with primary amines showed that hydroaminomethylation can proceed twice on the amine. The dimer fatty acid ester bridged with an amine is a highly functionalized molecule with various applications. An excess of the primary amine during the reaction prohibits the reaction of the hydroformylation product with a secondary amine which is the product of hydroaminomethylation with the primary amine (Scheme 19). 

A flexibilized thermohardening composition contained ca. 90% BPA/DC and a polyester from dimerized fatty acids and hexanediol. Elongation at break and impact strength increased considerably, whereas the heat deflection temperature was only little decreased [139],... 

Polyamide curing agents are the reaction products of dimerized fatty acids and aliphatic amines such as diethylenetriamine. This introduces a bulky, oil-compatible, C36 carbon group between the amine sites. Similar to the diglycidyl ether adducts of aliphatic amine, they are manufactured by adding the fatty acid to an excess of amine. They are available in a range of viscosities that can be achieved by varying the amine/acid molar ratio in the reaction. 

Polyamides. Polyamides are formed by the condensation reaction of polyamines with dimeric fatty acids. They are available from a number of suppliers in a large variety of viscosities and molecular weights. Many products are available in the form of adducts which provide good compatibility with epoxy resins without the need for an induction period and give a better cure under adverse conditions compared with standard polyamides. Polyamide curing agents offer a number of desirable features, as follows (Dow Chemical Company, undated b) ... 

A typical example of this class of polymer may be obtained by reacting ethylenediamine and dimer fatty acid , a material of inexact structure obtained by fractionating heat-polymerised unsaturated fatty oils and esters. An idealised structure for this acid is shown in Figure 18.21. These materials are dark coloured, ranging from viscous liquids to brittle resins and with varying solubility. 

Linear polyamide resins are prepared by the reaction of dimer fatty acid and diamine compounds. The resulting resin has frequent inner molecular ring structures and a repeating amino amide structure. 

Fats and oils (triglycerides) from plants and animals are renewable sources of chemicals, but the amounts of the chemicals made from them are small compared with those made from petroleum and natural gas. This may change if biodiesel fuel (e.g., ethyl oleate) made by the alcoholysis of oils becomes common. Such esters may be useful as environmentally friendly solvents.50 Unsaturated oils, such as linseed oil, are the basis of oil-based paints, which cure by cross-linking through oxidation by air. Soaps are the potassium or sodium salts of the long-chain fatty acids obtained by the hydrolysis of the triglycerides. The dibasic dimer fatty acids obtained by the dimerization of oleic and linoleic acids (both Cig acids) are made into oligomeric fatty amides which are used to cure epoxy resins. The un-... 

The synthesis of dimeric fatty acids is based on the reaction between a fatty acid with one double bond (oleic acid) and a fatty acid with two double bonds (linoleic acid) or three double bonds (linolenic acid), at higher temperatures in the presence of solid acidic catalysts (for example montmorillonite acidic treated clays). Dimerised fatty acids (C36) and trimerised fatty acids (C54) are formed. The dimer acid is separated from the trimeric acid by high vacuum distillation. By using fatty dimeric acids and dimeric alcohols in the synthesis of polyesters and of polyester polyurethanes, products are obtained with an exceptional resistance to hydrolysis, noncrystalline polymers with a very flexible structure and an excellent resistance to heat and oxygen (Chapter 12.5). Utilisation of hydrophobic dicarboxylic acids, such as sebacic acid and azelaic acid in polyesterification reactions leads to hydrolysis resistant polyurethanes. 

Chemistry and Technology of Polyamide Resins from Dimerized Fatty Acids... 

Polybasic acids are now available commercially in various purity grades. The chemistry of polybasic acids has been explained by Wheeler and coworkers A common product of commerce contains 70-80% dibasic acid, 15-20% of higher functionality acids, and small amounts of monomeric acids. Much of the literature associated with commercial materials refer to it as "dimer" or mixed dimerized fatty acids. This terminology, accordingly, will be used here. The acid may be represented graphically as HOOCDCOOH where D is a 34-carbon radical. 

Combinations of isophthalic and adipic acid result in useful polymers for appliances and automotive topcoats. However, for coil coatings where extreme flexibility is required, long-chain dibasic acids such as azelaic and dimerized fatty acids are used. Increased flexibility can also be effectively achieved by the use of a long-chain glycol such as 1,6-hexanediol. 

Fatty acid. Ci8-unsaturated, dimers Fatty acids, Ci8-unsatd, dimers. 

Polyamines. Aliphatic polyamines cure epoxy resins via their epoxy groups at ambient temperature. Excess amine is generally prereacted with the epoxy resin to form a polyamine adduct. Amines react with monomeric or dimeric fatty acids to form polyamidoamines. Polyamine-adduct-cured epoxy resins have a high chemical resistance. Polyamidoamine-cured epoxy resins exhibit good adhesion and flexibility. 

Plasticized epoxy resins can be produced by reacting low molecular mass epoxy resins with dimeric fatty acids. These resins (e.g., Epikote 872, Shell) generally exhibit better substrate wetting than the unmodified epoxy resins. This reaction is, however, associated with the formation of ester bonds, and the resins therefore have a poor resistance to alkaline solutions. Instead of fatty acids, carboxy-functional polybutadiene-acrylonitrile elastomers can also be used to flexibilize epoxy resins. 

Condensation product of dimerized fatty acids and polyamines (amine number=250) 1... 

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