Diluents sodium chloride

Diluents - Sodium chloride injections are also indicated as pharmaceutic aids and diluents for the infusion of compatible drug additives. 

Calcium hypochlorite is the principal commercial soHd hypochlorite it is produced on a large scale and marketed as a 65—70% product containing sodium chloride and water as the main diluents. A product with a significantly higher available chlorine, av CI2, (75—80%) has been introduced by Olin. Calcium hypochlorite is also manufactured to a smaller extent as a hemibasic compound (- 60% av Cl ) and to a lesser extent in the form of bleaching powder (- 35% av CI2). Lithium hypochlorite is produced on a small scale and is sold as a 35% assay product for specialty appHcations. Small amounts of NaOCl ate employed in the manufacture of crystalline chlorinated ttisodium phosphate [56802-99-4]. 

Sodium chlorite is the only chlorite compound produced on a commercial scale. Technical-grade sodium chlorite is an 80 wt % assay soHd product containing other added salts, such as sodium chloride, which act as diluents for increased safety ia storage and handling. The various sodium chlorite solution grades similarly have varying amounts of other salts. 

Certain medications including penicillins and other antibiotics are unstable when stored in solution form and are therefore packaged in powder form. The dry powders must be reconstituted with a sterile diluent such as sterile water for injection or sterile sodium chloride (normal saline) solution. Instructions supplied with the vial state the volume of diluent which should be added. The resulting volume of the reconstituted drug and the approximate average concentration per milliliter are provided in the label or the package information sheet (package insert). 

IV administration - Do not exceed 1.5 mL/min of a 10% concentration (or its equivalent), except in cases of severe eclampsia with seizures. Dilute IV infusion solutions to a concentration of 20% or less prior to IV administration. The most commonly used diluents are 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride Injection. 

Admixture compatibility- Digoxin injection can be administered undiluted or diluted with a 4-fold or greater volume of sterile water for injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, or 5% dextrose injection. The use of less than 4-fold volume of diluent could lead to precipitation of the digoxin. Immediate use of the diluted product is recommended. 

Administration An in-line filter must be used. Administer over 30 minutes. A dedicated line is not required however, flush the IV line before and after administration with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lactated Ringer s injection, or 5% dextrose injection. Do not administer with other drugs or diluents, as this may cause incompatibilities. 

IM administration Reconstitute cefepime with the following diluents Sterile Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride, 5% Dextrose Injection, 0.5% or 1 % lidocaine hydrochloride, or Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection with parabens or benzyl alcohol. 

To be reconstituted in 5 mL diluent of choice from an IV bag. The following preservative-free diluents are recommended for reconstitution 5% dextrose injection (D5W), USP 0.9% sodium chloride injection, USP 5%... 

In the Microtox test, it is a solution of 3.5% sodium chloride in distilled or deionized water, which is prepared using reagent-grade salt. Diluent comprised of 3.5% NaCl may be used with samples of marine, estuarine, or freshwater sediment. See also distilled water and deionized water . Volume 1(2). 

Sodium Chloride. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used by some detergent manufacturers, its main function being as an inert filler or diluent. In spray-drying operations, NaCl is used to control Crutcher slurry viscosity and the density of the spray-dried bead or granules. In liquid formulations, NaCl is used to control product viscosity through the salt effect. Although salt is used to some extent in autodish formulations, it is not recommended because of potential machine and dishware corrosion. 

Diluents calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium sulphate, glucose, kaolin, lactose, mannitol, colloidal silica, sodium chloride sodium sulphate, sorbitol. 

Each vial of Botox contains 100 imits botulinum toxin. In its nonreconstituted form, the toxin can remain stable for up to 4 years.The recommended diluent for reconstitution is sterile nonpreserved 0.9% sodium chloride. The reconstituted toxin deteriorates within a few hours and, if not used immediately, should be refrigerated (2 to 8°C). 

Reconstituted solutions (lOmg/mL, pH 3.5 ) are reported to be stable for at least 24 hours at room temperature and at least 96 hours when refrigerated, and when photoprotected (40). Solutions, further diluted with 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride diluent, remain stable for 24 hours under refrigeration and 8 hours when stored at room temperature and photoprotected (Product Information, DTIC-Dome, 1998). 

IFN (3-Ib (Betaseron) is a purified protein produced by recombinant DNA technology with 165 amino acids and approximate molecular weight of 18,500 daltons. Lyphylized vials contain 0.3 mg IFN(3-lb with mannitol (15 mg) and albumin (15 mg) as stabilizers. Reconstitution with the diluent supplied produces a 0.54% sodium chloride solution. IFN (3-lb or Betaseron is also dispensed in a pre-filled syringe at a dose of 22 ig (6MIU) per dose for 66j.tg/week. A higher dose of 44 j.Lg (12 MIU) per dose for 132 j.tg per week is also available. The recommended dosing schedule is three times a week as a subcutaneous injection. 

Allergenic extracts are sterile concentrates (solutions or suspensions) of the substances (allergens) responsible for unusual sensitivities in humans. These products can be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Extracts are aqueous (0.9% sodium chloride used as the diluent) or glycerinated (50%i glycerin as the diluent). Most preparations are buffered at pH 8 and contain phenol (<0.4%) as an antimicrobial preservative. They are sterilized by aseptic filtration. 

The true direct compression process as described earlier almost invariably applies to formulations containing potent active ingredients and where the direct compression properties derive from the diluent. A few substances do possess adequate flow and cohesive properties without the need for pretreatment. These are usually crystalline inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Direct compression forms of less potent active ingredients are available e.g., paracetamol and ascorbic acid. These can be directly compressed into tablets, perhaps after the addition of a lubricant. However, such substances are more accurately described as pre-granulated, in that the granulation process—either wet granulation or precompression—has been carried out by the excipient manufacturer. 

When the drug is given intravenously a potential problem due to fluid volume load may arise. Because TMP-SMZ is relatively unstable in solution, it is the recommendation of the manufacturers that each ampule of TMP-SMZ (80 mg of TMP and 400 mg of SMZ) be dissolved in 75 to 125 ml of 5% dextrose in water. This relatively large water load may lead to hyponatremia, particularly in predisposed patients, such as those with impaired renal function, borderline cardiorespiratory status, AIDS with increased AVP levels, and in those treated with high dose TMP-SMZ [71-73]. The use of a smaller volume (50 ml) of isotonic sodium chloride solution as diluent for TMP-SMZ should mitigate this potential problem [74]. 

Sodium chloride has been used as a lubricant and diluent in capsules and direct-compression tablet formulations in the past, although this practice is no longer common. Sodium chloride has also been used as a channeling agent and as an osmotic agent in the cores of controlled-release tablets. It has been used as a porosity modifier in tablet coatings,and to control drug release from microcapsules. 

When electrolyte concentrations are not too great, it is often useful to swamp both samples and standards with a measured excess of an inert electrolyte. The added effect of the electrolyte from the sample matrix becomes negligible under these circumstances, and the empirical calibration curve yields results in terms of concentration. This approach has been used, for example, in the potentiometric determination of fluoride ion in drinking water. Both samples and standards are diluted with a solution that contains sodium chloride, an acetate buffer, and a citrate buffer the diluent is sufficiently concentrated so that the samples and standaids have essentially identical ionic strengths. This method provides a rapid means of measuring fluoride concentrations in the part-per-million range with an accuracy of about 5% relative. 

Dextrose and albumin (human), USP (15 mg each/vial) are added as stabilizers. Lyophilized Betaseron is a sterile, white to off-white powder intended for subcutaneous injection after reconstitution with the diluent supplied (sodium chloride, 0.54% solution). 

WinRho SDF powder for injection lyophilized 600 lU (120 meg) (2.5 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection diluent), powder for injection, lyophilized 1500 lU (300mg) (2.5 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection diluent), powder for injection, lyophilized 5000 lU (1000 meg) (8.5 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection diluent))... 

Freshly distilled antimony trichloride (3t- grams), chlorobenzene (510 grams) and xylene (400 c.c.) are mixed, and the solution is divided equally between the reservoir and the reaction vessel. In the latter case, 600 c.c. of xylene are added as diluent. Sodium (210 grams), covered with 500 c.c. of xylene, is placed in the sodium container, and the preparation of the stibine effected at 70° C. After filtering off in the Bornett press the dark grey, granular sodium chloride, the filtrate, on distilling up to 220° C., leaves a residue of triphenylstibine (M.pt. 4.8° to 50° C.). 

Parenteral formulations are often reconstituted or diluted in the clinic and hospital with standard solutions (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose, and Ringer s solution). Compatibility with these diluents and administration sets, as well as in-use stability, should be evaluated. Co-administration of multiple drugs via a Y-site connection is common in hospitals. Precipitation, color change, decomposition or adsorption of the active drugs can occur. Turbidimetric and particulate measurements are often used for the evaluation of solution physical stability in addition to visual inspection [65]. 

C7-10 isoparaffin Coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil Epoxy resin 2-Ethyl-1-butanol . Gasoline Naphtha, hydrotreated light Naphtha, light alkylate Naphthenic oil Sodium chloride Sucrose distearate Tricaprin Water diluent agent, peroxide Dimethyl phthalate diluent monomer, adhesives Bis (4-vinyl oxy butyl) adipate Bis (4-vinyl oxy butyl) isophthalate Tris (4-vinyl oxy butyl) trimellitate... 

If necessary the sample is dissolved and diluted in a suitable non-toxic diluent. Buffered sodium chloride-peptone solution to which an emulsifier and/or a neutraliser for antimicrobial agents may be added is widely used. 

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