Compatibility of admixtures

Drug Additive Compatibility of admixture, appearance over 24 hours including evaluations of both drug and additive for assay, pH, color and clarity, and interaction with the container at the time of mixing (time 0) and 2-3, 6-8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after mixing. Some intervals may be deleted or the time intervals adjusted as considered appropriate or cost effective. 

Thermal analysis techniques have been applied widely for the investigation of the role of admixtures, espeeially that related to the hydration of cement and cement components. AppUcation of thermal analysis permits determination of the heat of reaction, mechanism of reaction, kinetics of reactions, compatibility of admixtures with cements, prediction of some properties, durability problems, material characterization and selection, development of new admixtures, quick assessment of some physical properties, etc. In some instances, they 5deld results that are not possible to obtain with the use of other teehniques. 

Admixture incompatibility The compatibility of sodium ferric gluconate complex with IV infusion vehicles other than 0.9% sodium chloride has not been evaluated. 

Admixture incompatibiiities Do not mix or coinfuse caspofungin with other medications, because there are no data available on the compatibility of caspofungin with other IV substances, additives, or medications. Do not use diluents containing dextrose ( -d-glucose), because caspofungin is not stable in diluents containing dextrose. 

EFFECT OF ADDITION PROCEDURE (COMPATIBILITY OF CONVENTIONAL ADMIXTURES ON THE AIR-VOID SYSTEM)... 

Patel JA, Phillips GL. A guide to physical compatibility of intravenous drug admixtures. Am ] Hosp Pharm 1966 23 409-411. 

Jutta JC. Compatibility of nebulizer solubility admixture. Ann Pharmacother 1997 31 487-489. 

Poggi, G.L. (1991) Compatibility of morphine tartratea admixtures in propylene syringes, Austral. J. Hosp. Pharm., 21, 316. 

Polyblends are made by intimately mixing two or more polymers on mill rolls, in extruders, or in Banbury or other mixing devices. The polyblends are admixtures of either two rigid polymers or two elastomeric polymers, or combinations of the two types. Their properties, and therefore their end uses, are strongly dependent on the degree of compatibility of the components. 

Johnson, C.E. Jacobson, P.A. Pillen, H.A. Woycik, C.L. Stability and compatibility of fluconazole and aminophylline in intravenous admixtures. Am.J.Hosp.Pharm., 1993, 50, 703—706 [stability-indicating UK-48-134 (IS) saline 5% dextrose non-interfering aminophylline]... 

The admixtures are manufactured by various specialised firms as ready-to-use products with guaranteed properties. Their producers are obliged to give all technical data together with detailed instructions for use. Also, the main and additional effects of admixtures should be clearly stated. However, it is advisable to verify every admixture in local conditions before serious application on a larger scale controlling the results obtained and compatibility with other components of the mix. 

A variety of materials, ranging from mineral binders to polymers, can be used as binder. However, materials based on polymers, such as epoxy or polyester resins, which are often used for concrete structures, should undergo careful assessment before use in historical masonry, due to possible issues regarding the mechanical and physical compatibility. Much more common for the repair of historical buildings are mineral binder systems based on cement or hydraulic lime with the addition of admixtures and fillers or aggregate. To inject bore holes, usually pure water/binder systems are used with typical w/b values of 0.8-1.0. However, the w/b ratio has to be adjusted according to the volume to be injected and to the moisture content of the substrate. 

C = Aq/Ap. where C = compatibility of stabilizer in the polymer Aq = volatility of pure stabilizer and Ap = volatility of stabilizer in admixture with the polymer. Measured at 80°C. ... 

Another concern is the coinfusion of intravenous medications with PN admixtures. Many intravenous medications have limited compatibility with 3-in-l formulations but may be coinfused with a 2-and-l formulation.23,24 Some medications can be coinfused at the Y-site, few medications can be mixed directly into the PN solution or coinfused with intravenous lipid emulsion, and some cannot be mixed or coinfused with the PN admixture.23,24 Always consult compatibility data before adding a medication to a PN admixture or coinfusing with PN. Medications that are compatible should be added to PN only if it is reasonable and safe (i.e., based on toxicity profile, pharma-cokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations). 

Where the instructions for use of the product involve admixture or dilution with drinks or other materials, appropriate compatibility data will be required. Factors to consider include ease and rate of dissolution, homogeneity, chemical and physical stability over the period of use, particle size, etc. 

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