Diluents cellulose acetate

As solvents, the amyl alcohols are intermediate between hydrocarbon and the more water-miscible lower alcohol and ketone solvents. Eor example, they are good solvents and diluents for lacquers, hydrolytic fluids, dispersing agents in textile printing inks, industrial cleaning compounds, natural oils such as linseed and castor, synthetic resins such as alkyds, phenoHcs, urea —formaldehyde maleics, and adipates, and naturally occurring gums, such as shellac, paraffin waxes, rosin, and manila. In solvent mixtures they dissolve cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and ceUulosic ethers. 

Cellulose (Figure 8.19) may be extracted from wood pulp, and is usually partially hydrolysed with acid to give microcrystalline cellulose. These materials are used as tablet diluents. Semi-synthetic derivatives of cellulose, e.g. methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose, are used as emulsifying and suspending agents. Cellulose acetate phthalate is cellulose with about half the hydroxyl groups acetylated, and the remainder esterified with phthalic acid. It is used as an acid-resistant enteric coating for tablets and capsules. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES made by petroleum refining intermediate in the production of styrene production of synthetic rubber as a solvent or diluent component of automotive and aviation fuels manufacture of cellulose acetate unrecovered component of gasoline solvent for propylene oxide... 

Ethanol is a colorless, clear liquid with a characteristic, pleasant odor. It is miscible in all proportions with water and readily miscible with many organic solvents (e.g., ethers, hydrocarbons, acids, esters, ketones, carbon disulfide, glycols, and other alcohols). Ethanol dissolves castor oil, cellulose nitrate with a low nitrate content, polar resins, and polymers. Ethanol in combination with aromatic compounds dissolves cellulose acetate. Mixtures of ethanol, aromatic hydrocarbons, and water are good solvents for some polyamides. Ethanol is extensively used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It is employed as a raw material for many chemical syntheses (e.g., esterification, as an ethylating agent, and reaction medium). Ethanol is an excellent solvent, diluent, and extracting agent for fats, oils, paints, and... 

Chem. Descrip. y-Butyrolactone CAS 96-48-0 EINECS/ELINCS 202-509-5 Uses Solvent for PAN, PS, fluorinated hydrocarbons, cellulose triacetate, shellac, used in paint removers, petrol, processing, hectograph process, specialty Inks Intermediate for aliphatic and cyclic compds. reaction and diluent solvent for pesticides dyeing of acetate wetting agent for cellulose acetate films, fibers solvent welding of plastic films in adhesive applies. 

NFPA Health 0, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate plasticizer for cellulose acetate, solid rocket propellants, food pkg., pharmaceuticals wetting agent pesticides insecticides alcohol denaturant solvent and fixing agent in perfumery film-former fragrance diluent pharmaceutical h grance in food-pkg. adhesives surf, lubricant in mfg. of food-contact metallic articles... 

Meth/I lactate is a water-white liquid, completely miscible with water and most organic liquids. It is a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose ocetobutyrate ond cellulose acetoprapionate. It is used in the manufacture of locquers and dopes where it contributes high tolerance for diluents, good flaw and blush resistance. 

Ethyl lactate is a colorless and olmost odorless liquid, which, upon evaporotion, will sometimes develop a disagreeable odor. This is owing to the iactides, or inner anhydrides, contained in the lactic acid mode by fermentation. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons and oils. Ethyl lactate will dissolve cellulose acetate ond nitrate ond many of the ethers of Cellulose. It is also a solvent for basic dyes, alkyd resins, kauri, manila, pontionac, rosin, shellac and vinyl resins. Ethyl lactate has high solvent power and equally high tolerance far nonsolvents and diluents. These exceptional properties are accounted for by the existence of both an alcohol and an ester group in its molecule. 

Uses Mfg. of acetic anhydride, cellulose acetate, vinyl acetate monomer acetic esters prod, of plastics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, aroma chems., dyes, insecticides, photographic chemicals, food additives solvent reagent acidifier solvent for electronic materials etchant (semiconductor mfg.) aluminum brightener laundry sour boiler water additive coagulant for latex buffer in cosmetics buffer, acidifier in textile baths preservative, acidity regulator in foods flavor, solvent, vehicle in foods, pharmaceuticals color diluent sanitizing solutions for food contact... 

The acetate esters find wide use as active solvents in nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylic, urethane, and polyester coating formulations. Other solvents used with esters in coatings include glycol ethers, ketones, alcohols, and hydrocarbon diluents. A properly balanced solvent system will control the viscosity, flow, and leveling properties as well as the cure of the coating. Selection of the proper ester solvent for the coating will depend on the relative evaporation rate and solvency characteristics needed for the coating resin. 

Marsano E, Bianchi E and Ciferri A (1984) Mesophase formation and poljoner compatibility. 2. Cellulose acetate/(hydroxypropyl)cellulose/diluent system. Macromolecules 17 2886-2889. 

Cellulose acetate By treating cellulose with acid catalysis and acetic anhydride Diluent, Coating agent... 

Cellulose Acetates (CA). Acetylation of cellulose is obtained by reaction of the natural polymer with acetic anhydride. The reaction is catalyzed by sulfuric acid. However, to obtain derivatives of high D.S. (>92%), it is advisable to operate in the presence of a diluent. When the diluent is a solvent of cellulose acetate—for instance, acetic acid—the cellulose is gradually swollen by the solvent as substitution proceeds, the latter being catalyzed by mineral acids (Lewis or Brpnsted acid). This process is called acetylation in the homogeneous phase. 

Acetylation in heterogeneous phase (catalyzed by mineral acids) is so called when the diluent is not a solvent of cellulose acetate. Toluene or carbon tetrachloride are such liquids. Under such conditions the original fibrillary structure is reasonably well-preserved because there is less degradation of the constituting chains. Cellulose acetates with 1.6 < D.S. < 2.0 are soluble in many solvents (acetone, esters, chlorinated solvents) and can be plasticized by alkyl phosphates or phthalates to give thermoplastic materials exhibiting a good impact resistance. 

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