Dietary supplements sodium

Selenium-induced reduction in growth and survival, and increase in liver histopathology. Effects exacerbated at 7% and 44% protein. Effects alleviated by addition of 200 mg As/kg ration as sodium arsenate, and partially alleviated by methionine dietary supplement... 

An IPC procedure assessed recoveries of urinary catecholamines during an innovative sample clean-up [95] and was optimized to avoid interferences by anti-TB drugs [96]. Adrenergic amines were determined in a variety of bitter orange-containing dietary supplements marketed as appetite suppressants a sodium dodecyl sulfate IPR and fluorescent detection were used [97]. Similarly, two classes of compounds. 

Hypertension is often treated with diuretics. Diuretics are drugs that promote the Joss of sodium from the body, though some diuretics can cause the loss of potassium, resulting in hypokalemia. The use of dietary supplements of K to correct this hypokalemia has been shown to be of benefit and to result in decreases in blood pressure. The best source of potassium is plant food, as is strikingly apparent from the data in Table IG.l however, the interest in nonfood supplements of potassium continues. One problem with potassium salts is that they taste bad and can produce nausea. Hence, there has been some interest in the manufacture of aesthetically acceptable forms of potassium salts. One form, a mixture of NaCl and KCl, is useful for those who feel compelled to add sodium chloride to their food. One study revealed that NaCI-KCl mixtures are accepted and their use can result in a reduction of sodium intake. The study, which involved normotensive subjects, did not lead to any consistent change in blood pressure (Mickeisen rt nI., 1977). 

The slimming aid LipoKinetix contains norephedrine hydrochloride, sodium usinate, 3,5-diiodothyronine, yohimbine hydrochloride, and caffeine. Seven patients all had the signs and symptoms of acute toxic hepatitis after taking this dietary supplement (176). Three patients had taken no other concomitant medications. All recovered spontaneously after LipoKinetix was withdrawn. 

A study of dietary supplementation of female pigs with 0.1 or 0.3 ppm selenium from a selenium-enriched yeast or from sodium selenite (doses not given) from 60 days before breeding until weaning found that the concentration of selenium in milk, dam, and offspring tissues increased with the dose of selenium administered and was higher when the source of selenium was the selenium-enriched yeast (Mahan and Kim 1996). 

Tribasic sodium phosphate is used in a variety of cleaning agents, such as detergents, industrial cleaning products, and metal cleaners to treat boiler water for the tanning of leather in the manufacture of textiles and paper products in the purification of sugar as a dietary supplement for humans and farm animals in paint removers and for various photographic purposes. 

Owen, M.A.G., Waines, R, Bradley, G. and Davies, S. (2006) The effect of dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate on the growth and microflora of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Proceedings of the XII International Symposium Fish Nutrition Feeding, May 28 - June 1, 2006 149. 

Erqocalciferol Riboflavin-5 -phosphate sodium dietary supplement, multivitamin capsules Thiamine nitrate... 

Sodium and potassium glycerophosphates are used as food additives and dietary supplements. The sodium salt of P-glycerophosphoric add is cariostatic and finds use in mouthwashes. Calcium glycerophosphate is a white crystalline powder which is odourless and tasteless. It is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and decomposes above 170°C. It is used as a food additive, a dietary supplement and as a stabiliser for plastics. 

As well as featuring in soil chemistry and biosystems, sodium cations together with various phosphate anions have many industrial involvements, the most important of which are detergent powders, textile bleaching formulations, metal cleaning compositions, metal surface treatments, water softening compositions, phosphate glasses, dietary supplements and medicinal formulations. 

About the middle of the nineteenth century, the use of certain phosphorus compounds (rather than the element) became the vogue. The laxative properties of sodium phosphates were recognised and in the same period hypophosphites (as Na, Mg or Ca salts) were introduced for the treatment of neurasthenia and other nervous deficiencies. These were all considerably less toxic than the element itself and were followed by glycerophosphates (as Na, Ca and other salts) which were believed to function as brain nutrients or nerve tonics . The use of hypophosphites and glycerophosphates persisted well into the twentieth century, but they are now considered to be of very limited value for these purposes. A syrup of phosphorus , described in British Pharmacopea 1885, contained phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate and iron sulphate among other ingredients. Commercial exploitation of products of this kind was inevitable (Hgure 12.22). Modem dietary supplements are often based on collections of vitamins which usually include Bg and B,2. These two vitamins form part of phosphate ester enzymes (e.g. Equation ll.lOSj). 

Giardino, L., Ambu, E., Savoldi, E., Rimondini, R., CassaneUi, C., Debbia, E.A., 2007. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlOTite, MTAD, and Tetraclean against Enterococcus faecaUs biofilm. Journal of Endodontics 33, 852—855. Gilani, G.S., Xiao, C., Lee, N., 2008. Need for accurate and standardized determination of amino acids and bioactive peptides for evaluating protein quality and potential health effects of foods and dietary supplements. Journal of AOAC International 91, 894—900. 

We have developed a method for simultaneous analysis of thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride and cyanocobalamin in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements (Marszall et al. 2005) and in fortified food (Lebiedzinska and MarszaH 2006) using HPLC-ED. Vitamins were determined in their free forms, so an extraction step from fortified fruit juice was performed prior to the chromatographic isolations. The extraction procedure was based on a study by Ndaw el al. (2000). The enzymatic digestion prior to the separation and quantification step made it possible to release the vitamins bound to proteins or sugars and converted vitamin esters to free forms thus we were able to obtain the total vitamin contents of the fruit juices. The supernatants were adjusted to pH 4.5 with 2.5 M sodium acetate and a single extraction procedure for all vitamins was carried out using mixture of the enzymes, papain and diastase (Lebiedzinska and MarszaH 2006). 

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