Dialysis methanol

Films or membranes of silkworm silk have been produced by air-drying aqueous solutions prepared from the concentrated salts, followed by dialysis (11,28). The films, which are water soluble, generally contain silk in the silk I conformation with a significant content of random coil. Many different treatments have been used to modify these films to decrease their water solubiUty by converting silk I to silk II in a process found usehil for enzyme entrapment (28). Silk membranes have also been cast from fibroin solutions and characterized for permeation properties. Oxygen and water vapor transmission rates were dependent on the exposure conditions to methanol to faciUtate the conversion to silk II (29). Thin monolayer films have been formed from solubilized silkworm silk using Langmuir techniques to faciUtate stmctural characterization of the protein (30). ResolubiLized silkworm cocoon silk has been spun into fibers (31), as have recombinant silkworm silks (32). 

Researchers studying polypeptide and polypeptide hybrid systems have also processed vesicles using two solvents. This method usually involves a common organic solvent that solubilizes both blocks and an aqueous solvent that solublizes only the hydrophilic block. The two solvents can be mixed with the polypeptide or polypeptide hybrid system at the same time or added sequentially. The choice of organic solvent depends heavily upon the properties of the polypeptide material, and commonly used solvents include dimethylformamide (DMF) [46, 59], methanol (MeOH) [49], dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [50, 72], and tetrahydrofuran (THF) [44, 55]. Vesicles are usually formed when the organic solvent is slowly replaced with an aqueous solution via dialysis or removed through evaporation however, some vesicles have been reported to be present in the organic/aqueous mixture [49]. 

There appear to be several possible side-reactions which may produce some unwanted products. [ C-]Formaldehyde is reduced to [ C]methanol to a small extent, but this reaction product can be removed by dialysis of... 

After cooling to room temperature, the sugar-dendrimer derivative may be precipitated with a large volume of methanol. The precipitate may be purified from reaction products by dialysis against water or buffer using a membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Daltons. The final product may be stored frozen or lyophilized to a white powder. 

To recover a protein that has been completely reduced and labeled, precipitate the protein by the addition of 9 volumes of methanol at — 20°C. Collect the protein pellet by centrifugation at 8,000g for 15 minutes (4°C). If partial reduction was done followed by labeling with 5-IAF, then purify the labeled protein by gel filtration or dialysis using a molecular weight cutoff of about 5,000 D. 

General Procedure A (esterification of amine) 1 A 50 wt% methanol solution of methyl acrylate (17 g, 0.2 mol) was added to the methanolic solution of Jeffamine T-3000 (100 g, 0.033 mol). This reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 48 h. The reaction was then heated to 50°C for 1 h. methanol and excess methyl aerylate were removed by rotary evaporator. After the dialysis using membrane filter with a MWCO of 3 D in methanol, the product was obtained as a yellow viscous oil (6 g, 98%). H NMR (CDCl, 5),... 

Fructan was harvested by precipitation from the culture broth by addition of ethanol or isopropanol. Acetone and methanol can also be used. The yield and consistency of the product varied depending on the amount of alcohol added. The fructan started to precipitate at the medium/alcohol v/v ratio of 1 1.2, and the yield peaked at about 1 1.5. Further increase in the ratio hardened the fructan and made the product less fluid. Slightly less isopropanol was needed than ethanol to precipitate levan (fructan). Although most of the bacterial cells, unfermented sugars, and other solubles remained in the aqueous alcohol phase, pre-removal of microbial cells by centrifuging was needed to obtain a pure form of fructan. The product was further purified by repeated precipitation and dissolution in water, followed by dialysis or ultrafiltration. The final product was an... 

For patients who have ingested more than 30 ml of (pure) methanol or ethylene glycol, dialysis is recommended, and haemodialysis is more effective than peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis both removes the alcohols and their metabolites, and corrects the renal and metabolic disturbances and so is the preferred treatment in severe poisoning. The maintenance dose of ethanol required may be tripled during haemodialysis as ethanol is also removed. Early treatment is indicated if ethylene glycol concentrations are above 20 mg/100 ml (200 mg/1), if the arterial pH is below 7.3, if serum bicarbonate concentrations are less than 20 mM/1, and when there are oxalate crystals in the urine. 

The step 3 product (5.0 g) was dissolved in 100 ml of anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide and then treated with 28% solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (3.8 g) followed by removing methanol under a reduced vacuum. This mixture was then treated with methyl iodide (2.8 g), stirred for 24 hours, and then diluted with purified water to 150 ml total volume. The diluted mixture was then dialyzed for 48 hours with a dialysis tube in flowing tap water. It was further dialyzed for 12 hours in 1000 ml of purified water four times and then freeze-dried to give the methylated polyrotaxane in which 30% of hydroxyl groups were O-methylated and 4.6 g of product isolated. 

Preliminary Purification of Dandelion and Sweet Corn. The plant extract in pH 7 buffer was sealed in a Visldng cellulose dialysis membrane bag, immersed in a volume of aqueous pH 7 buffer equal to twice the volume of its contents, and shaken for at least 2 hours. The outside solution was replaced, and die entire operation repeated twice. The three outside buffer solutions were combined. A dialysis blank was prepared in similar fashion. The dialyzate was washed once with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 2 with sulfuric acid and extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were evaporated to dryness, and redissolved in a small volume of methanol. 

The neutral lipids were eluted by the C M (2 8, v/v) and ganglio-sides then eluted by methanol containing sodium acetate in the following concentrations 0.01 M (fraction I), 0.02 M (fraction II), and 0.2 M (fraction III). The fractions eluted were concentrated and salt removed by dialysis. 

There are three specific modalities of treatment for severe methanol poisoning suppression of metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase to toxic products, dialysis to enhance removal of methanol and its toxic products, and alkalinization to counteract metabolic acidosis. 

Hemodialysis is more efficient than peritoneal dialysis and has been well studied. It assists in correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance and may also enhance removal of toxic metabolites (eg, formate in methanol poisoning, oxalate and glycolate in ethylene glycol poisoning). The efficiency of both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis is a function of the molecular weight, water solubility, protein binding, endogenous clearance, and distribution in the body of the specific toxin. 

Peritoneal dialysis involves instilling appropriate fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Poison in the blood diffuses into the dialysis fluid down the concentration gradient. The fluid is then drained and replaced. The technique requires little equipment but is one-half to one-third as effective as haemodialysis it may be worth using for lithium and methanol poisoning. 

Eliminating methanol and its metabolites by dialysis. Haemodialysis is 2-3 times more effective than is peritoneal dialysis. Folinic... 

The ingestions for which conventional hemodialysis is most frequently employed are the toxic alcohols (methanol and ethylene glycol), lithium, and salicylates [26] (see section 9). As previously described, effective use of HD in the treatment of poisoning first requires assessment of the patient. In cases where poisoning is strongly suspected, early initiation of dialysis prior to exact knowledge as to the specific poison or the serum concentration may be prudent. 

Hunderi OH, Hovda KE, Jacobsen D. Use of the osmolal gap to guide the start and duration of dialysis in methanol poisoning. ScandJ Urol Nephrol. 2006 40 70-74... 

Consumption of small amounts of antifreeze can be deadly. Poisonous constituents are typically ethylene glycol and methanol. There is no home treatment aside from standard first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for signs of shock or cardiac arrest. Gastric treatment and dialysis may be immediately necessary for survival depending on the dose, and long-term kidney and brain damage are possible. 

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