Poisoning ethylene glycol

2 -dihydroxyethane 1,2-ethanediol 2 -hydroxyethanol Ethylene alcohol Ethylene dihydrate Glycol [Pg.338]

Toxic effects due to breakdown products causing metabolic acidosis and formation of calcium oxalate crystals in kidneys and other tissues [Pg.338]

Populations All, esp persons working with cars and photo- [Pg.338]

motion - reduced or paralyzed (ophthalmoplegia) Gait - unsteady (ataxia) [Pg.339]

Mood - restless/irritable Muscles - spasm (myoclonus) [4] [Pg.339]

Management of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning is similar. Symptomatic support of respiration and circulation is augmented by correction of metabolic acidosis with intravenous bicarbonate infusion, and control of seizures with diazepam. Ethanol inhibits the metabolism of methanol and ethylene glycol to the toxic metabolites, and can give time for further treatment. The goal is to maintain blood ethanol concentrations between 100 and 150 mg per decilitre, sufficient to saturate alcohol... [Pg.512]

Brent J, McMartin K, Phillips S, Burkhart KK, Donovan JW, Wells M et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999 340(11) 832-8. [Pg.517]

Leth PM, Gregersen M. Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Sci Int 2005 155(2-3) 179-84. [Pg.518]

Ethylene glycol, an industrial solvent and an antifreeze compound, is involved in accidental and intentional poisonings. This compound is initially oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase and then further biotransformed to oxalic acid and other products. Oxalate crystals are found in various tissues of the body and are excreted by the kidney. Deposition of oxalate crystals in the kidney causes renal toxicity. Ethylene glycol is also a CNS depressant. In cases of ethylene glycol poisoning, ethanol is administered to reduce the first step in the biotransformation of ethylene glycol and, thereby, prevent the formation of oxalate and other products. [Pg.270]

An antidote has been found for ethylene glycol poisonings, but it is too costly for most hospitals. Ethylene glycol is a main ingredient in automotive antifreeze and other products. Every year, at least 6,000 people fall victim to ethylene glycol poisoning, which can lead to permanent disability or death unless it is treated immediately. Traditional treatment is complicated and tricky, but the new drug fomepizole (Antizol Orphan Medical, Inc.) has been found to be a proven antidote (Leary, 1999). [Pg.219]

Three stages of ethylene glycol overdose occur. Within the first few hours after ingestion, there is transient excitation followed by CNS depression. After a delay of 4-12 hours, severe metabolic acidosis develops from accumulation of acid metabolites and lactate. Finally, delayed renal insufficiency follows deposition of oxalate in renal tubules. The key to the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning is recognition of anion gap acidosis, osmolar gap, and oxalate crystals in the urine in a patient without visual symptoms. [Pg.503]

As with methanol poisoning, early fomepizole or ethanol infusion and hemodialysis are standard treatments for ethylene glycol poisoning. Fomepizole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, has FDA approval for treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in adults based on its ability to decrease concentrations of toxic metabolites in blood and urine and to prevent... [Pg.503]

Ethanol Multiple effects on neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and signaling pathways Antidote in methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning Zero-order metabolism duration depends on dose Toxicity Acutely, CNS depression and respiratory failure chronically, damage to many systems, including liver, pancreas, GI tract, and central and peripheral nervous systems Interactions Induces CYP2E1 Increased conversion of acetaminophen to toxic metabolite... [Pg.504]

Ethylene glycol Poisoning creates toxic aldehydes and oxalate, which causes kidney damage and severe acidosis ... [Pg.504]

Fomepizole Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, prevents conversion of methanol and ethylene glycol to toxic metabolites Methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning Orphan drug. Toxicity Headache, nausea, dizziness, rare allergic reactions... [Pg.505]

DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE METHANOL OR ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING... [Pg.506]

Jacobsen D New treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning. N Engl J Med 1999 340 879. [Pg.506]

Lepik KJ et al Adverse drug events associated with the antidotes for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning A... [Pg.506]

Jacobsen D, Mcmartin KE. Methanol and ethylene glycol poisonings. Mechanism of toxicity, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment. Med Toxicol 1986 1 309. [Pg.407]

Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Methanol or Ethylene Glycol Poisoning Ethanol (generic)... [Pg.548]

Hemodialysis is more efficient than peritoneal dialysis and has been well studied. It assists in correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance and may also enhance removal of toxic metabolites (eg, formate in methanol poisoning, oxalate and glycolate in ethylene glycol poisoning). The efficiency of both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis is a function of the molecular weight, water solubility, protein binding, endogenous clearance, and distribution in the body of the specific toxin. [Pg.1406]

Kidney failure from the metabolic formation of calcium oxalate has been especially common in cat species, which have voracious appetites for ethylene glycol in antifreeze. Deposits of solid calcium oxalate have also been observed in the liver and brain tissues of victims of ethylene glycol poisoning. [Pg.311]

Brent, J., Current management of ethylene glycol poisoning, Drugs, 61, 979-988, 2001. [Pg.321]

The treatment for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning is the same. The patient is given intravenous infusions of diluted ethanol. The ADH enzyme is swamped by all the ethanol, allowing time for the kidneys to excrete most of the methanol (or ethylene glycol) before it can be oxidized to formic acid (or oxalic acid). This is an example of competitive inhibition of an enzyme. The enzyme catalyzes oxidation of both ethanol and methanol, but a large quantity of ethanol ties up the enzyme, allowing time for excretion of most of the methanol before it is oxidized. [Pg.475]

In a fatal case of ethylene glycol poisoning the serum concentration 12 hours after ingestion was 1000 pg/ml and the urine concentration was 2700 pg/ml in a second fatal case a serum concentration of 7100 pg/ml was found 6 hours after ingestion of 500 ml (D. A. L. Bowen et al.. Medicine, Sci. Law, 1978,18,102-107). [Pg.604]

Fortunately, treatment is possible, using alcohol (that is, ethyl alcohol), the same treatment as for ethylene glycol poisoning. The acidity is also treated with bicarbonate of soda. Methyl alcohol is eliminated from the body slowly, and so repeated intake, as in those who drink meths, could lead to cumulative poisoning. [Pg.197]

FIGURE 38.2. Ethylene glycol poisoning, canine kidney tubules are lined by degenerate epithelium and multiple mbules contain crystalline material. Arrows show crystals in mbules. H E stain x40. [Pg.570]

Although its systemically administered medical uses have been limited to the treatment of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning, alcohol is an excellent solvent and is used as a vehicle in many pharmaceutical formulations. It is also used topically as a disinfectant and to reduce fever through evaporation. Medieval alchemists considered it to be the elixir of life, a title that has survived in certain European fruit brandies called collectively eau de vie. [Pg.1042]

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