Dialysis for

Until the early 1960s, laboratory iavestigators rehed on dialysis for the separation, concentration, and purification of a wide variety of biologic fluids. Examples iaclude removal of a buffer from a proteia solution or concentrating a polypeptide with hyperosmotic dialysate. Speciali2ed fixtures were sometimes employed alternatively, dialysis tubes, ie, cylinders of membrane about the si2e of a test tube and sealed at both ends, were simply suspended ia a dialysate bath. In recent years, dialysis as a laboratory operation has been replaced largely by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 

R. Herraez-Heruandez, A. J. H. Eouter, N. C. van de Merbel and U. A. Th Brinkman, Automated on-line dialysis for sample preparation for gas cliromatogruphy determination of benzodiazepines in human plasma , 7. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 14 1077-1087 (1996). 

Cultures from different times of growth were collected. Culture fluids were cleared by passing through glass fibre filter. After dialysis for 16-18 h against distilled water at 5°C, filtrates were assayed for enzyme activities and proteins. 

This assay system developed by Chaires [136] is a new, powerful and effective tool based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle of equilibrium dialysis for the discovery of ligands that bind to nucleic acids with structural and sequence selectivity. Here, identical concentrations of various nucleic acid samples are dialysed in dispodialysers against a common ligand solution. At equilibrium, the contents of the ligand bound to each nucleic acid are determined and this is correlated directly to the ligand s specificity to a particular sequence. 

The affinity and cross-reactivity of the whole serum and Fab fragments were determined using equilibrium dialysis for the affinity determination and RIA for the cross-reactivity studies. The average intrinsic affinity constant (Ko) of the antibody (Nisonoff and Pressman 1958) changed very little throughout the... 

Reduction in dietary protein intake has been shown to slow the progression of kidney disease.8 However, protein restriction must be balanced with the risk of malnutrition in patients with CKD. Patients with a GFR less than 25 mL/minute/ 1.73 m2 received the most benefit from protein restriction 8 therefore, patients with a GFR above this level should not restrict protein intake. The NKF recommends that patients who have a GFR less than 25 mL/minute/1.73 m2 who are not receiving dialysis, however, should restrict protein intake to 0.6 g/kg per day. If patients are not able to maintain adequate dietary energy intake, protein intake maybe increased up to 0.75 g/kg per day.15 Malnutrition is common in patients with ESRD for various reasons, including decreased appetite, hypercatabolism, and nutrient losses through dialysis. For this reason, patients receiving dialysis should maintain protein intake of 1.2 g/kg per day to 1.3 g/kg per day. 

FIA star 5010 Modular, semi- or fully automatic operation. May be operated with process controller microprocessor. Can be set up in various combinations with 5017 sampler and superflow software which is designed to run on IBM PC/XT computer 60-180 samples h Dialysis for in-line sample preparation and in-line solvent extraction.Thermostat to speed up reactions. Spectrophotometer (400-700nm) or photometer can be connected to any flow through detector, e.g. UV/visible, inductively coupled plasma, atomic absorption spectrometer and ion-selective electrodes... 

Inhibitor Concentration (M) Before dialysis After dialysis for 24-36 hr. 

The chilled azide solution is added slowly, dropwise with constant vigorous stirring into a solution of bovine-serum albumin. The pH is maintained at 8.0 to 8.7 by the careful addition of NaOH solution. The resulting pale-yellow solution is kept at 4°C for a duration of 36 hours and then dialysed against trimethamine buffer. After further dialysis for two days against distilled water, the immunogen is isolated by lyophilization. 

Westerink BH, Tuinte MH. 1986. Chronic use of intracerebral dialysis for the in vivo measurement of 3,4-dihydroxyphe-nylethylamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. J Neurochem 46(1) 181-185. 

Administer gatifloxacin after dialysis for patients on hemodialysis. 

The table is not valid for functionally anephric patients on dialysis. For such patients, give a loading dose of 15 mg/kg to achieve therapeutic serum levels promptly and a maintenance dose of 1.9 mg/kg/24 h. In patients with marked renal impairment, it may be more convenient to give maintenance doses of 250 to 1000 mg once every several days rather than administering the drug on a daily basis. In anuria a dose of 1000 mg every 7 to 10 days has been recommended. 

The neurotoxic effects of aluminum were first observed in people undergoing dialysis for treatment of kidney failure. This syndrome, called dialysis dementia, starts with speech disorders and progresses to dementia and convulsions. Symptoms corresponded with elevated aluminum levels commonly found in bone, brain, and muscle following 3 to 7 years of treatment. Elevated levels of aluminum were also found in the brains of people suffering from Alzheimer s disease. Despite considerable research, it is not clear if the aluminum accumulation in the brain is a cause of Alzheimer s disease or a result of changes in the brain associated with the disease. 

Dialysis for 6 months at RT of M Fe(N03)3 solution against bidistilled water of pH 5. This gives a mixture of polymeric particles and uniform, rod-like crystals of goethite. The goethite can be separated from the polymer by gel chromatography using a Sephadex 200 substrate (Van der Woude and de Bruyn, 1984). 

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation is expensive, with an estimated cost of 30,000- 50,000 per implant, not including the cost of follow-up. However, economic analysis of ICD studies has shown that ICD implantation compares favorably with such commonly accepted therapies as dialysis for end-stage renal failure [47]. It is estimated that the cost effectiveness ratio for ICDs is 27,000 per life year saved, comparable to those for other well-... 

Bowers, W.E., Pulton, S. and Thompson, J. (1984) Ultrafiltration vs equilibrium dialysis for determination of free fraction. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 9 (SI), 49—60. 

Applebury and Coleman 48) found that biosynthetic enzyme and apoenzyme labeled with 85Zn bound 2-3 zinc ions per dimer at neutral pH but as many as 7 at pH 10.0. Dialysis for 24 hr removes extra zinc, and after 20 days only two remain and the enzyme is active. Thus it appears that the two zinc binding sites that are most readily occupied in the apoenzyme and must be occupied for activity are the ones that most strongly retain zinc ions during dialysis but, on the other hand, most readily lose zinc ions by reaction with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid. 

Oyibo SO, Pritchard GM, McLay L, James E, Laing I, Gokal R, Boulton AJ. Blood glucose overestimation in diabetic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease. Diabet Med 2002 19(8) 693-6. 

Benes, P. and Steinnes, E., 1974. In situ dialysis for the determination of the state of trace elements in natural waters. Water Res., 8 947-953. 

After the third dialysis no further improvement of the antioxidative effect of the retentate was obtained, even though small amounts of less antioxidative material still passed the membrane and were found in the dialysate. After dialysis for 3 x 12 h only 3.5 % of the original material remained in the retentate. 

Acylcamitines or amino acids may also be important in disease monitoring and treatment or as markers for new therapies, toxicities, etc. In one application using dried plasma spots, carnitine and acylcamitines may be useful in detecting possible carnitine deficiency as a result of kidney dialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease (36,37). A deficiency should result in carnitine supplementation in those patients that cannot replenish their levels fast enough. In fact, this is one of the first pharmaceutical-related applications of screening. The measurement of certain amino acids such as Phe and Tyr and their ratio is also routinely performed to monitor the effectiveness of dietary intervention in patients with PKU. 

The culture liquid obtained above was adjusted to phi 3.0 with a saturated oxalic acid solution and the precipitate formed therein collected by filtration. The filtrate was added to 50.0 g each of kaolin and Celite 545 powder (diatomaceous earth), and stirred for 15 h at 4°C and after chromoprotein was allowed to adsorb as much as possible, it was filtered. The resulting filtrate was divided and placed in cellophane bags dry air was blown on them at 27°C for 24 h condensing them to about 600 ml. This concentrated solution at 4°C was desalted by cellophane dialysis for 24 h in distilled water. The yield of desalted concentrated solution from the culture liquid was approximately 80% (867 mkg/ml, 600 ml). 

Transfer dialysis bag in a beaker containing 50 volumes of no-salt basic dialysis buffer and continue dialysis for 24 48 h at 4°C with constant slow stirring. 

Many patients have non-oliguric acute renal failure, with a good prognosis. However, some patients require dialysis. For treatment, hydration must be controlled, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided if possible. When oliguria is observed, dialysis therapy should be performed, as described for acute tubular necrosis. 

For extracting total DNA from large amounts of plant tissue, use the above procedure, omitting the sucrose gradients (i.e., do Steps 1-6 and 10-15). After the 2-propanol extraction and dialysis for 2 hr or longer, use an equal volume of Tris-buffered phenol [prepared just before use by adding 1/10 volume of unbuffered Tris to 1 volume of water-saturated phenol (IBI, New Haven, CT)] to extract DNA twice, followed by an ether extraction. The DNA is then dialyzed as above. 

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