Various nucleic acids

It can be seen from the figure that the electrostatic repulsive forces between the macrocations are overwhelmed, probably by hydrophobic attractive forces between their hydrophobic side groups. It should be noted that the complimentary base-base pairing is unimportant in the present case. If this is not the case, the mixtures of APVP and TPVP should show the largest hypochromicity. This, however, is not the case. The importance of the hydrophobic interactions between nucleic acid bases has been proposed by Ts o et al.I9 from thermodynamic parameters of various nucleic acid bases or nucleosides in aqueous media. 

This assay system developed by Chaires [136] is a new, powerful and effective tool based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle of equilibrium dialysis for the discovery of ligands that bind to nucleic acids with structural and sequence selectivity. Here, identical concentrations of various nucleic acid samples are dialysed in dispodialysers against a common ligand solution. At equilibrium, the contents of the ligand bound to each nucleic acid are determined and this is correlated directly to the ligand s specificity to a particular sequence. 

The number of multiplexed particles-based assays reported is manifold and summarized in several reviews [85, 86, 97, 99], Bead sets for various nucleic acid or protein assays are commercially available that are fully optimized for clinical diagnostics and research purposes. 

Of all the various nucleic acid molecules within the cell the three that are most often isolated are chromosomal DNA, mRNA from tissue or cells and plasmid DNA from bacteria. In all cases the principles for isolation are similar and can be divided into three stages. 

TABLE 11.1. Association Constants of Various Nucleic Acids with Neomycin. From top to bottom, various polynucleotides with their conformational preference (B- to A-form) are listed in 10 mM sodium cacodylate, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 6.8. RNA targets that have previously been shown to bind neomycin are also listed. These targets are examples of RNA secondary structures that show high-affinity binding to aminoglycosides. Solution conditions for RNA targets vary as shown... 

Another method is to produce EPR basis spectra by irradiating various nucleic acid bases. The EPR spectrum of DNA is simulated by taking various combinations of the... 

By using various nucleic acid-sequence-directed EDTA Fe(II) chelates it will become possible to advance genetic manipulation technology and possibly develop novel chemotherapeutic agents. 

These applications require a good knowledge of the nature and magnitude of interactions between nucleic acids and polymer particles. To that purpose, many systematic studies were carried out by different authors and in this lab on the adsorption behavior of various nucleic acids onto various type latex microspheres, mostly cationic and anionically-charged polystyrene or hydrophilic (i.e. poly[N-isopropylacrylamide]) latex particles. 

Other filter binding assays, like the nitrocellulose binding assay, have been used very successfully to investigate the interaction of proteins with various nucleic acids (Riggs et al. 1970). This method does not rely on differences in size to separate free and bound species, but on the fact that proteins are selectively bound to the mem-... 

X-Ray crystallographic studies of purine and its various substituted derivatives have been of special value in providing (a) fine structural details of the ring system of simple molecules in their various neutral and protonated, and to a lesser extent, deprotonated forms (b) a source of molecular geometries for theoretical calculations and related purposes and (c) information about the precise arrangement of purine (and pyrimidine) bases in the various nucleic acids, and the way in which interaction of such bases with extraneous materials including intercalated or absorbed compounds occurs. 

The greatest advances in the detection of chlamydial infection involved the development of various nucleic acid detection methods. Similar to EIA, the DNA hybridization probe test is easy to perform, and a large number of samples can be processed at the same time. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA probe tests are greater than with EIA. " " ... 

Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies of platinum-base complexes give some insight into the reactivity of the platinum compounds and their possible binding sites on DNA. The reactions of the different nucleosides or nucleotides with the chloro and aquo derivatives of O Cs- and trans-DDP have been studied by UV spectroscopy (36), raman difference spectrophotometry (37) and high pressure liquid chromatography (38). For both chloro isomers, the rates of the reactions with various nucleic acid monomers show the following trend GMP > AMP > CMP and dG > dA > dC T, The dichloro and diaquo derivatives react slowly with thymidine and UMP (37) or not at all (38, 39). 

Lastly, one might consider why zinc ion has been used by Nature in these nucleic-acid binding proteins. Certainly, the natural abundance of zinc is an important criterion. But also important is the absence of any redox activity associated with the metal ion, activity that could promote DNA damage [as with Fe(ri) or Cu(n), for example]. In addition, other softer, heavier metal ions might bind preferentially to the DNA bases, promoting sequence-specific covalent interactions. Zinc ion, therefore, is clearly well-chosen for the structural center of these various nucleic-acid-binding proteins. 

Immobilized nucleic acid bases, nucleosides or oligonucleotides may be used for separation, fractionation and structure determination of various nucleic acids and enzymes participating in their synthesis and degradation. Schott et al. [139,229] made use of immobilized defined oligonucleotides for the selective separation of free nucleotides on the basis of a base-pairing mechanism. Complementary oligonucleotides in the mobile phase are selectively adsorbed on the immobilized template if... 

Several other modifications of cellulose have been used to examine the retention parameters of various nucleic acid samples. For specific applications a nitrocellulose phase (61), a mercurial cellulose (62). and a sulihydryl-ccllulose (6J) were examined in separating RN A. It is evident that the mixed properties of these supports increase the selectivity for specific nucleic acid separations. 

The use of cationic polymer-based biomaterials has increased exponentially in various nucleic acid and drug delivery applications due to their easy preparation, tunable properties and excellent delivery efficiency. The polymeric systems with a positive charge and/or synthesized by the... 

P/litre in cows milk) is distributed between more than 50 different compounds, both organic and inorganic. Most abundant and important of these are the casein phosphoproteins, calcium phosphates and the phospholipids. Other phosphorus compounds, present in much smaller quantities, are vitamins, various nucleic acids, enzymes, sugar phosphates and proteose peptones (phosphoglyco-peptides). Non-phosphorus compounds present at low levels include blood serum albumin, immune globulins, lactoferrin and ceruloplasmin. 

Gorenstein Unfortunately I do not know of any chemical shift anisotropy theoretical studies on ATP (or any phosphates in fact). Some recent advances in solid state, oriented crystal, P NNR of various nucleic acids have appeared in the literature. Large C.S.A. s are found for mononucLeoside monophosphates. Your suggestion for the line broadening in ATP is dertainly reasonable but possibly could also be explained by chemical exchange broadening ( ). 

Exposure of HeLa cells at 37° C to 10% DM SO and to I60 [xg/ml DEAE-dextran results in long-lasting inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis (Fig. 15), which, however, can be reversed by the addition of various nucleic acids Q/8 phage RNA, polio RNA, total cell RNA isolated from HeLa cells (Fig. 15), and to some extent by polynucleotides (Oppermann and Koch, unpublished). 

The interaction between tryptophan (and tryptophan peptides) and various nucleic acids has been extensively studied by Helene and... 

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