Accumulation aluminum

Operation nd Control. Control of chromium chromate conversion coating baths is accompHshed by controlling chromium concentration and pH. The quaHty of the conversion coating is sensitive to aluminum accumulations in the coating bath as well as to rinse water purity. Sulfate contamination is a particular problem. 

Aiuminum-containing antacids - Constipation (may lead to intestinal obstruction) aluminum-intoxication osteomalacia and hypophosphatemia accumulation of aluminum in serum, bone, and the CNS (aluminum accumulation may be neurotoxic) encephalopathy. 

Chronic renal failure/dialysis During sucralfate administration, small amounts of aluminum are absorbed. Concomitant use with other aluminum-containing products may increase the total body burden of aluminum. Patients with chronic renal failure or receiving dialysis have impaired excretion of absorbed aluminum, and aluminum is not dialyzed. Aluminum accumulation and toxicity have occurred. 

The neurotoxic effects of aluminum were first observed in people undergoing dialysis for treatment of kidney failure. This syndrome, called dialysis dementia, starts with speech disorders and progresses to dementia and convulsions. Symptoms corresponded with elevated aluminum levels commonly found in bone, brain, and muscle following 3 to 7 years of treatment. Elevated levels of aluminum were also found in the brains of people suffering from Alzheimer s disease. Despite considerable research, it is not clear if the aluminum accumulation in the brain is a cause of Alzheimer s disease or a result of changes in the brain associated with the disease. 

Excretion of aluminum may be lower in premature compared to full-term infants (Bougie et al. 1991). Plasma levels of aluminum in premature infants were 14.6 g/L compared to 7.8 g/L in full-term infants, and absolute urinary excretion was reduced. The aluminum-creatinine ratio in the urine was similar in both groups, indicating that the lower excretion in the premature infants may be due to a lower glomerular fdtration rate, thus increasing the risk of aluminum accumulation in this group. 

Developmental Effects. Studies in human infants indicate that only certain children are affected by aluminum. Excessive aluminum accumulation and encephalopathy may occur in premature infants with reduced renal function given dialysis with aluminum-containing intravenous fluid (Polinsky and Gruskin 1984 Sedman et al. 1985). Bone disease has also been reported in infants with renal failure who were treated orally with aluminum hydroxide (Andreoli et al. 1984). 

Aluminum uptake for the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) was positively correlated to exposure time and pH however, no BCF values were reported because the authors felt that the body aluminum accumulation was too variable for useful prediction of the exposure history or physiological status of the frogs (Freda and McDonald 1990). 

North Carolina State University, Crop Sciences Department Raleigh, NC Research on the mechanism of aluminum toxicity in plants. This study will determine the extent of aluminum accumulation inside cells at the root apex using microanalytical techniques and will define associated effects on cell division, cell expansion, and cellular accumulation of calcium and magnesium. U.S. Department of Agriculture... 

Candy JM, Mountfort SA, McArthur FK, et al. 1991. Aluminum accumulation and senile plaque formation in the brains. Neurotoxicology 12 123. 

Candy JM, McArthur FK, Oakley AE, et al. 1992. Aluminum accumulation in relation to senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the brains of patients with renal failure. J Neurol Sci 107 210-218. 

Domingo JL, Llorens J, Sanchez DJ, et al. 1996. Age-related effects of aluminum ingestion on brain aluminum accumulation and behavior in rats. Life Sci 58 1387-1395. 

Ecelbarger CA, MacNeil GG, Greger JL. 1994a. Importance of kidney function and duration of exposure on aluminum accumulation in mature rats. Nutr Res 14 577-586. 

Edwardson JA, Candy JM, Ince PG, et al. 1992. Aluminum accumulation, beta-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary changes in the central nervous system. In Aluminum in biology and medicine. 

Frick KG, Herrmann J. 1990. Aluminum accumulation in a lotic mayfly at low pH-a laboratory study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 19 81-88. 

Madigosky SR, Alvarez-Hemandez X, Glass J. 1991. Lead, cadmium, and aluminum accumulation in the Red Swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii g.) collected from roadside drainage ditches in Louisiana. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 20 253-258. 

Minami T, Ichii M, Tohno Y, et al. 1996. Age-dependent aluminum accumulation in the human aorta and cerebral artery. Biol Trace Elem Res 55 199-205. 

Oteiza PI, Keen CL, Han B, et al. 1993. Aluminum accumulation and neurotoxicity in Swiss-Webster mice after long-term dietary exposure to aluminum and citrate. Metabolism 42 1296-1300. 

Perl DP, Brody AR. 1980. Alzheimer s disease X-ray spectrometric evidence of aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons. Science 208 297-299. 

Perl DP, Gajdusek DC, Garruto RM, et al. 1982. Intraneuronal aluminum accumulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia of Guam. Science 217 1053-1055. 

Provan SD, Yokel RA. 1988. Influence of calcium on aluminum accumulation by the rat jejunal slice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 59 79-92. 

Salusky IB, Foley J, Nelson P, et al. 1991. Aluminum accumulation during treatment with aluminum hydroxide and dialysis in children and young adults with chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med 324 527-531. 

Oshiro S, Kawahara M, Kuroda Y, Zhang C, Cai Y, Kitajima S, Shirao M (2000) Glial cells contribute more to iron and aluminum accumulation but are more resistant to oxidative stress than neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1502 405-414... 

D Fiaese PC, Lamberts LV, Liang L, Boone LP,Van Waeleghem, De Broe ME. Contribution of parenteral and dialysate solutions to the aluminum accumulation in dialysis patients. BloodPurif 990 8 359-362. 

At about daily intervals, as sufficient aluminum accumulates in each cell, a stout pipe attached to an evacuating vessel is broken through the crust on the cell and dipped into the pool of molten aluminum. The pressure in the receiving vessel is decreased, which pulls the melt into the container, a process, which is repeated for each cell down the potline, to collect the molten aluminum in a central holding furnace ready for fabrication. 

Perl DP, Munoz-Garcia D, Good PF, et al Intracytoplasmic aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons detection by laser microprobe mass analyzer (abstract). Ann Neurol 18 143, 1985... 

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