Developmental instability

Baseline impairment—developmental instability, family dysfunction, medical condition, mental status abnormalities, therapeutic alliance... 

Yeo RA, Gangestad SW, Edgar C, Thoma R 1999 The evolutionary genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia the developmental instability model. Schizophr Res 39 197-206... 

The polymers which have stimulated the greatest interest are the polyacetylenes, poly-p-phenylene, poly(p-phenylene sulphide), polypyrrole and poly-1,6-heptadiyne. The mechanisms by which they function are not fully understood, and the materials available to date are still inferior, in terms of conductivity, to most metal conductors. If, however, the differences in density are taken into account, the polymers become comparable with some of the moderately conductive metals. Unfortunately, most of these polymers also have other disadvantages such as improcessability, poor mechanical strength, instability of the doped materials, sensitivity to oxygen, poor storage stability leading to a loss in conductivity, and poor stability in the presence of electrolytes. Whilst many industrial companies have been active in their development (including Allied, BSASF, IBM and Rohm and Haas,) they have to date remained as developmental products. For a further discussion see Chapter 31. 

Extensive reviews of active instability suppression techniques are found in McManus et al. [18] and Candel [19]. Also, Zinn and Neumeier [20] provide an overview of research and developmental needs for practical applications. Most of the previous studies have used actuators impractical in liquid-fueled systems, such as loudspeakers that impose acoustic perturbations on gaseous flow. The major emphasis in the present study was to establish active instability suppression using liquid-fuel injection. According to Rayleigh s criterion [21, 22], combustion-acoustics interaction can be used to damp the undesirable oscillations provided that pressure fluctuations p and heat release fluctuations q satisfy the proper phase relation such that... 

In the present chapter, we have not discussed cell-cell interaction and have restricted our study only to a production process of a single cell. Of course, cells start to interact with each other, as the cell density is increased through the cell division. Indeed, including the cell-cell interaction to the present cell model with reaction network, cell differentiation and morphogenesis of a cell aggregate are studied [15,16]. Through instability of intracellular dynamics with cell-cell interaction, cell differentiation, irreversible loss of plasticity in cells, and robust pattern formation process appear as a general course of development with the increase of the cell number. Relevance of minority control and deviation from universal statistics to such multicellular developmental processes will be an important issue to be studied in the future. 

Adhesive instability may be related, in part, to proteolytic processing of cell-substrate contacts (Pollanen et al., 1987). Proteases are important in many developmental events and especially in cell... 

The clinical symptoms of classical Menkes disease can be traced back to developmentally important copper enzymes such as lysyl oxidase, tyrosinase see Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models), cytochrome c oxidase see Cytochrome Oxidase), dopamine /3-hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase, and amine oxidase see SuperoxideDismutasd) Lysyl oxidase is needed for the cross-linking of connective tissue a deficiency in this enzyme causes weakened connective tissue and connective tissue disorder such as arterial ruptures as observed in these patients. Low levels of cytochrome c oxidase cause temperature instability and the absence of tyrosinase explains the hair depigmentation observed in affected individuals. ... 

Telomerase Telomerase activity is one of the most important factors that have been linked to multiple developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, aging, and senescence. Dysregulation of telomerase has often been found in developmental abnormalities and cancer, where telomere dysfunction leads to an increase in initiation of tumor lesions, due to enhanced genomic instability. Recently, a number of studies have described pol)q)henol effects on telomerase inhibition. Naasani et al. reported that EGCG directly in-... 

There is clear biochemical and clinical heterogeneity between these conditions, but the small number of reported cases precludes an accurate ascertainment of intra-disease heterogeneity. Lack of TH leads to a specific deficit of the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline). AADC is required for the synthesis of the catecholamines and serotonin. Lack of this enzyme therefore causes a global deficiency of all of these neurotransmitters as is found in the abnormalities of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism (Chap. 1). The clinical symptoms are also similar, including developmental delay, central and peripheral hypotonia, temperature instability, chorea, ptosis and oculogyric crises. The two conditions are in general distinguishable as hyperphenylalaninemia is not present in AADC deficiency. However, certain forms of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency also do not present with hyperphenylalaninemia. 

Fig. 19.2a,b. Physical examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip. a Ortolani s maneuver is performed with the infant s hip and knee flexed by applying graded abduction open arrow) and gentle anterior pressing white arrow) to the femoral head. In a dislocated hip, a palpable clunk is felt when the femoral head passes over the posterior lahrum. b Barlow s maneuver is obtained with the hip adducted and partially flexed by pushing the knee posteriorly black arrow) and superiorly open arrow) like a piston. In patients with hip instability, a palpable clunk results from the exit of the femoral head over the posterior lahrum... 

Iyer, R., Lehnert, B.E., Svensson, R., 2000. Factors underlying the cell growth-related bystander responses to a-particles. Cancer Res. 60,1290-1298. Jacquet, R, 2012. Developmental defects and genomic instability after x-irradia-tion of wild type and genetically modified mouse pre-implantation and early post-implantation embryos. J. Radiat. Prot. 32 (4), R13-R36. 

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