Development world wide

Well aware of this fact and stimulated by the new policy statements issued by the regulating agencies [1-3], the pharmaceutical industry has, over the past decade or so, systematically begun to develop chiral drugs in enantiomerically enriched and possibly pure form. Currently [3], 68% of the 1200 drugs under development world-wide are chiral, and 75% of these (or an amazing 51% of the total number) are developed as single isomers. ... 

The electrical power output equivalent of the fuel processors that are currently under development world wide covers a wide range, from less than a watt to several megawatts. Portable and small scale mobile fuel cell systems promise to be the first commercial market for fuel cells, according to a market study of Fuel Cell Today in July 2003 [2]. According to the same report, the number of systems built has increased dramatically to up to more than 3000 in 2003. To date, most of these systems have used Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. 

Pfizer Global Research and Development, World Wide Medicinal Chemistry, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA Email Chakrapani.Subramanyam Pfizer.com Joseph.Warmus Pfizer.com... 

TRACS International has provided training and consultancy In Exploration and Production related issues for many clients world-wide since 1992. This book has gradually developed from course materials, discussions with clients and material available in the public domain. 

A number of structured databases have been developed to classify proteins according to the three-dimensional structures. Many of these are accessible via the World Wide Web, T1 protein databanlc (PDB [Bernstein d al. 1977]) is the primary source of data about the stru tures of biological macromolecules and contains a large number of structures, but many i these are of identical proteins (complexed with different ligands or determined at differet resolutions) or are of close homologues. 

Fishes in the family Salmonidae (trout and salmon) are in high demand, with the interest in salmon being greatest in developed nations. Salmon, mostiy Atiantic salmon, are produced in Canada, Chile, Norway, New Zealand, Scotiand, and the United States. Fishes in the family Cichhdae which includes several cultured species of tilapia, are reared primarily in the tropics, but have been widely introduced throughout both the developed and developing world. 

It was not until the twentieth century that furfural became important commercially. The Quaker Oats Company, in the process of looking for new and better uses for oat hulls found that acid hydrolysis resulted in the formation of furfural, and was able to develop an economical process for isolation and purification. In 1922 Quaker announced the availability of several tons per month. The first large-scale appHcation was as a solvent for the purification of wood rosin. Since then, a number of furfural plants have been built world-wide for the production of furfural and downstream products. Some plants produce as Httie as a few metric tons per year, the larger ones manufacture in excess of 20,000 metric tons. 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

Organization (ISO) have developed standards for hattei y sizes, voltages, and amperages. These standards are now accepted on a world-wide basis. 

NSAIDs are used as the first-line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis and other inflammatory diseases, and are thus amongst the most widely used dtugs in the developed world. This widespread use inevitably entailed a considerable associated morbidity, in particular a high incidence of gastric toxicity. In the USA alone, perforations, ulcers and bleeds lead to the hospitalisation of 100,000 patients per year, and about 15% of these die while under intensive care. 

Besides the ever-broadening scientific investigations which are being conducted world-wide in the field of inorganic peroxide compds, it is also necessary to concentrate in the applied field on the sound development of continuous, safe, efficient and economical prodn methods so as to increase the utilization of inorganic peroxides... 

Since the early 1970s a panel convened by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has been working to formulate recommendations for carbohydrate nomenclature that meet developing needs of research and electronic data handling, while retaining links to the established literature base on carbohydrates. The realization of these endeavors is presented here in the final document Nomenclature of Carbohydrates, which provides a definitive reference for current researchers, both in the text version and in the version accessible on the World Wide Web (http //www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/), where amendments and revisions are maintained. 

Extrapolation of the data obtained In this study to the situation world-wide leads to a tentative estimate that people living In about one third of the cities of the world may be exposed to air lead concentrations which are either marginal or unacceptable. The problem Is probably most acute In large urban areas In developing countries with dense automobile traffic. This problem could be easily mitigated through a world-wide effort to eliminate lead In fuels. 

Kiuchi T, Ohashi Y, Konishi M, Bandai Y, Kosuge T, Kakizoe T. A world wide web-based user interface for a data management system for use in multi-institutional clinical trials—development and experimental operation of an automated subjects registration and random allocation system. Controlled Clin Trials 1996 17 6 476-93. 

The design and fabrication of some gas-phase micro reactors are oriented on those developed for chip manufacture in the framework of microelectronics, relying deeply on silicon micromachining. There are obvious arguments in favor the infrastructure exists at many sites world-wide, the processes are reliable, have excellent standards (e.g. regarding precision) and have proven mass-manufacturing capability. In addition, sensing and control elements as well as the connections for the whole data transfer (e.g. electric buses) can be made in this way. 

Greater co-operation among producers could be developed. The World Wide Web has provided a model of sharing information based on very clear technical principles and formats, but with no formal bureaucracy or external control. Researchers using the Web can move easily among computers of many research institutions that are linked to the Internet. Perhaps the National Measurement Institutions that produce RM could make their instruments and laboratories just as open and available to researchers who are characterizing a new material (Rasberry 1998). 

Development and Validation of a Proposed Regulatory Method, EMEA/CVMP/573100, Vol. 8, Veterinary Medicinal Products Establishment of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for Residues of Veterinary Products in Foodstuffs of Animal Origin, Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, London (2001). Also available on the World Wide Web http //www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/vet/swp/057300en.pdf. 

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