Drugs under development

The first covers each of the major cell types and classes of inflammatory mediators. The second covers each of the major organ systems and the diseases involving the immune and inflammatory responses that can aflfect them. The series will thus include clinical aspects along with basic science. The third covers diflPerent classes of drugs that are currently being used to treat inflammatory disease or diseases involving the immune system, as well as novel classes of drugs under development for the treatment of such diseases. 

Axokine is another new drug under development. Axokine is a synthetic (man-made) chemical that mimics a hormone produced in the brain that is responsible for protecting the body from injury. Axokine was initially developed as a treatment for Lou Gehrig s disease, but researchers noticed that... 

Binding affinities of the new flexible synthetic glycocluster toward type-1-piliated E. coli were evaluated by HAI and bladder-binding assay (BBA). The results indicated that, with an inhibition of bacterial bladder-cell binding at 12 nM ( 6000- and 64-fold lower than mannose and 59, respectively), the tetravalent compound 60 is currently one of the most promising antiadhesive drugs under development for the treatment of urinary tract infections. 

When a prospective drug under development for use in women of childbearing potential is determined to cause developmental toxicity in laboratory animals, the first question to be considered is whether that agent would cause developmental toxicity in humans at the anticipated therapeutic dosage level. This assessment and the related decision of whether to continue development of the drug candidate are currently based on the following... 

Today, there are more than 400 plant-based drugs under development in the United States alone. None has yet completed the necessary trials and been approved by the FDA, although some industry observers expect the first such approval to be awarded within a few years. 

By 1991, more than 375 products had received orphan designation, and more than 40 orphan drugs were available In the US. Nine of the 15 biotechnology-derived drugs on the market have orphan drug status, as do 19 biotechnology-derived drugs under development. Some of these prod-... 

Slater and Savelski note similar trends in solvent use and waste reduction for a new oncology drug under development at BMS [1]. They indicate that the best opportunities to make a process greener occur in the early stages of drug develop-... 

This chapter will explore the various drug treatments for psychotic disorders, with special emphasis on schizophrenia. Such treatments include not only conventional antipsychotic drugs but also the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs, which are rapidly replacing the older conventional agents. We will also take a look into the future at the drugs under development for psychosis, especially schizophrenia. Mood stabilizers for bipolar disorders were covered in Chapter 7. 

Future Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs Under Development... 

Molecules containing this substituted piperazine core are important pharmacophores (particularly for GPCR related ligands) and have been reported in several drugs under development [95]. Scientists at Merck recently introduced a novel one-pot isocyanide-based MCR affording the desired substituted piperazine, reportedly compatible with array synthesis. 

Bioavailability studies using animals are used to compare the efficiency of the delivery of the dosage forms of a drug to the general circulatory system as well as the efficiency of the route of administration for both licensed drugs and new drugs under development. Two useful measurements are relative and absolute bioavailability. 

A number of the new drugs under development are chiral. The two main reasons for this choice by pharmaceutical companies are the regulatory constraints to assess the properties of single enantiomers, even if the racemic mixture is developed, and the scientific evidence that enantiomers often have very different and, sometimes, opposite pharmacologic effects. Among the numerous techniques available today to industrial chemists, asymmetric synthesis has been used successfully to obtain chiral compounds. From an industrial point of view, asymmetric catalysis is becoming the preferred approach because of its low environmental impact and high potential productivity. 

Along the same lines, several groups of chemists at Merck successfully produced substantial quantities of various important pharmaceutical intermediates used in the preparation of drugs under development. Among these we can mention MK-0417 (7), a soluble carbonic anhydrase inhibitor useful to treat glaucoma,41 the LTD4 antagonist L-699392 (8),42 and the antiarrhythmic MK-499... 

Marketed Drugs or Drugs Under Development for Intravitreal Delivery... 

R.P. Scherer Corporation, MI, USA Pulsincap system A unique CR (capsule) device that permits programmed drug release at a predetermined time and/or site within the GI tract (e.g., colon). Allows sequential dosing of a patient at different predetermined times and/or sites in the GI tract, with same or different drugs. Under development. 

From this survey, the Subcommittee learned that industry had marketed 34 drugs for the treatment of rare diseases extending back to 1965 and had made an additional 24 drugs (under development) available to physicians on a compassionate basis for treating patients with rare diseases. Most (82%) of the marketed drugs were for conditions affecting fewer than... 

There is a shortage of geriatric specialists, which will take time to be corrected if the 600 drugs under development are to be adequately researched. The rapid growth of sheltered self-care communal housing for active seniors, which guarantee healthcare up to terminal status, illustrates that seniors wish to stay out of nursing homes. Their expectation of the pharmaceutical industry is that it should provide them with medications which allow for an active old age. The industry has heard. 

Drugs under development by NIFl scientists or grantees. 

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