Dependence model

Most modeling codes are a time-averaging technique. Depending upon the process, a time-dependent technique may be more suitable. Time-dependent modeling requires much more computing power than does time averaging. 

Markov analysis (Sec. 2.5.4) Evaluation of components systems, or functions Quantitative, time-dependent modeling process complc.s. success oriented has pcicniial for modeling complete nuclear plant... 

Techniques for quantifying Techniques used were basically from NUREG/CR-1278 or PRA Procedun s Guide, Chapter 4. (l)THERP (1980 version NUREG/CR-1278 with appropriate factors for a tree was used in procedure defined events. (2) A time dependent modeling approach was used to quantify operator actions during a sequence. THERPmethixlr. were ii ,cd as described in WASH- Id ... 

Modify the value obtained from the previous stage to reflect possible dependencies among error probabilities assigned to individual steps in the task being evaluated. A dependence model is provided which allows for levels of dependence from complete dependence to independence to be modeled. Dependence could occur if one error affected the probability of subsequent errors, for example if the total time available to perform the task was reduced. 

In this paper we used the /-dependent model potential of the form [16]... 

Weighted Regression) requires the user to dehne a signal-dependent model of the measurement error, e.g., sy = a + b x, which is then used to calculate the weighting factors 1/Vy at every abscissa x,-. For an example on how to enter the model, see Algebraic Function, ... 

Zirino, A. and Yamamoto, S., A pH-dependent model for the chemical speciation of copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in seawater, Limnol Oceanogr, 17 (5), 661-671, 1972. 

Before reviewing the results of pseudo-time-dependent models of homogeneous cloud interiors in detail, it is worthwhile to mention five successful predictions/ex-... 

Abstract. We present preliminary results of 3D hydrodynamical simulations of surface convection in red giants stars. We investigate the main differences between static ID and 3D time-dependent model stellar atmospheres of red giants for a range of metallicities between solar and [Fe/H] = —3 focusing in particular on the impact of 3D spectral line formation on the derivation of stellar abundances. 

Fig. 3. Classification of human prion diseases. Sporadic the transformation from PrPc (circle) to PrPSc (square) occurs without apparent cause. Familial a point mutation ( ) is thought to facilitate the transformation. Infectious the transformation arises via PrPSc which acts as a template. The kinetic equations are defined by Eigen (1996). The infectious form includes kuru, iatrogenic CJD (iCJD), variant CJD (vCJD first reported in 1996), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE first reported in 1985), and scrapie. In the nucleation-dependent model, monomeric PrPc and PrPSc are in chemical equilibrium.

Fitting a parameter-dependent model to a set of observations consists in finding... 

Replacing the respective variables in Eq. (4.3) using the Eqs. (4.5), (4.6), (4.7) and (4.8), a temperature-dependent MOS transistor model is obtained. This temperature-dependent model provides a term for the source-drain current depending on the source-gate voltage, the source-drain voltage, and the temperature. 

Butschky MF, Bailey D, Henningfleld JE, Pickworth WB (1995) Smoking without nicotine delivery decreases withdrawal in 12-hour abstinent smokers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 50 91-96 Collins AC, Romm E, Wehner JM (1988) Nicotine tolerance an analysis of the time course of its development and loss in the rat. Psychopharmacology 96 7-14 CorrigaU WA (1999) Nicotine self-administration in animals as a dependence model. Nicotine Tob Res 1 11-20... 

Mauritz et al., motivated by these experimental results, developed a statistical mechanical, water content and cation-dependent model for the counterion dissociation equilibrium as pictured in Figure 12. This model was then utilized in a molecular based theory of thermodynamic water activity, aw, for the hydrated clusters, which were treated as microsolutions. determines osmotic pressure, which, in turn, controls membrane swelling subject to the counteractive forces posed by the deformed polymer chains. The reader is directed to the original paper for the concepts and theoretical ingredients. 

While no in vivo activity has been reported in an Abl-dependent CML model, AZD0530 was active in a xenograft model using Src-transformed NIH 3T3 cells and in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer, two Src-dependent models. The results of a Phase I trial in normal volunteers have been disclosed and AZD0530 was tolerated when administered at doses of up to 250 mg [156,157]. While it appears that the initial efficacy trial for AZD0530 will be as an anti-invasive agent for the treatment of metastatic bone disease, this compound probably also has potential for use in CML. 

The model by Grillaert et al. addresses step height dependencies and includes a density dependence. Smith et al. [48] integrated the effective pattern density model described earlier with the time and step-height dependent model of Grillaert et al. to accurately predict both up and down area polishing. The resulting analytic expression for the up area amount removed (AR) is... 

Fig. 23, Integrated density and step-height-dependent model parameter extraction approach. The outer loop finds the planarization length that best captures the density dependence, while the inner loop find the step-height model parameters that best explain up and down area polish data [48].

Fig. 24. Comparison of model and experimental results using an integrated density and step height dependent model [48].

While no complete pattern-dependent model has been presented to date for copper CMP, one step forward is a model framework for pattern-... 

D. S. Boning, B. Lee, C. Oji, D, Ouma, T. Park, T. Smith, and T. Tugbawa, Pattern Dependent Modeling in Chemical Mechanical Polishing, Materials Research Society 1999 Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA, April 1999. 

TheTNF-a-dependent models are mostly characterized by the apoptotic cell death of hepatocy te at the early stage of liver injury. In these models, a large number of hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis can represent a stimulus for primed neutrophils in sinusoids to transmigrate and activate, leading to hepatic inflammation and massive hepatocyte necrosis. This... 

Figure 27. Examples of diffusion of low-dose B implants (1 X 1014-2 X 1014 B atoms/cm2) during RTA for 10 s. Calculated curves are based on a time-dependent model described in the text.

In this chapter, recent results are discussed In which the adsorption of nitric oxide and its Interaction with co-adsorbed carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and Its own dissociation products on the hexagonally close-packed (001) surface of Ru have been characterized using EELS (13,14, 15). The data are interpreted In terms of a site-dependent model for adsorption of molecular NO at 150 K. Competition between co-adsorbed species can be observed directly, and this supports and clarifies the models of adsorption site geometries proposed for the individual adsorbates. Dissociation of one of the molecular states of NO occurs preferentially at temperatures above 150 K, with a coverage-dependent activation barrier. The data are discussed in terms of their relevance to heterogeneous catalytic reduction of NO, and in terms of their relationship to the metal-nitrosyl chemistry of metallic complexes. 

Experimental results presented in this work and in the literature are inconsistent with the assumptions and the physical interpretations implicit in the dual-mode sorption and transport model, and strongly suggest that the sorption and transport in gas-glassy polymer systems should be presented by a concentration-dependent model ... 

The concentration-dependent models attribute the observed pressure dependence of the solubility and diffusion coefficients to the fact that the presence of sorbed gas in a polymer affects the structural and dynamic properties of the polymer, thus affecting the sorption and transport characteristics of the system (3). On the other hand, in the dual-mode model, the pressure-dependent sorption and transport properties arise from a... 

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