Swelling of membrane

The depression of swelling of membranes with the increase of the cross-linker content in the benzene/cyclohexane mixtures enhanced benzene permselectivity... 

It would be appropriate, at least from a mechanistic or "first principles standpoint, to possess a theoretical molecular-based analysis of this equilibrium, including internal water content hydration effects. The remaining discussion of this topic is concerned with the efforts of Mauritz, et jal., in providing a fundamental molecular representation of the phenomenon of ion-pairing and subsequently relate this model to the swelling of membranes in specific cation-exchanged salt forms. 

Applications of liquid emulsion membranes (LEMs) to biomedical and biochemical systems are reviewed and other potential applications identified. The LEM-mediated downstream processing of small, zwitterionic biochemicals (e.g. amino acids) is examined using chloride ion counter-transport to separate and concentrate the amino acid phenylalanine from stimulated fermentation broth. The effect of agitation rate and osmotic swelling of membranes on separation is shown to be significant. 

Structural changes in cytoplasmatic membranes, e.g., swelling of membrane bilayers, increase of surface and thickness of the membranes, changes in the composition of the membrane (e.g., changes in the fatty acid composition), modification of the microviscosity, damage of membrane structures (see below). 

In some eases, plastieizeis may reduce ionie eondnetivity as for example in EPDM blends. Dibntyl phthalate and paraffin oil nsed as plastieizers redneed hydration and swelling of membranes and impaired eondnetivity. 

ArgiieUes-Monal W., Hechavarria O.L., Rodriguez L., Peniche C., Swelling of membranes from the polyelectrolyte complex between chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose, Polyrru Bull., 31(4), 1993,471 78. 

Structure. The presence of small molecules such as anesthetics (chloroform for instance) is weU known to induce a strong reorganization, typically, swelling of membranes [58], This swelling is, in fact, at the origin of the anesthetic effect through the increased pressure created onto ion-channels crossing the outer membrane of the nerves so, one cannot exclude similar behavior for ferrocifens. 

Jin, X. and Y.-L. Hsieh (2005a). Anisotropic dimensional swelling of membranes of ultrafine hydrogel fibers. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 206(17) 1745-1751. 

Structiual changes in cytoplasmatic membranes, e.g., swelling of membrane bilayers, increase of surface and thickness of the membranes, changes in the... 

The development of membranes in chlor-alkali is similar to that in PEMFC and in water electrolysis. The resistance of a membrane is being reduced its durability and physical and chemical stability improved when operating under critical situation, and avoid the swell of membranes. 

Angioedema (also called angioneurotic edema)-swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, especially around and in the mouth and throat... 

Mechanistic studies have shown that TBT and certain other forms of trialkyltin have two distinct modes of toxic action in vertebrates. On the one hand they act as inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (Aldridge and Street 1964). Inhibition is associated with repression of ATP synthesis, disturbance of ion transport across the mitochondrial membrane, and swelling of the membrane. Oxidative phosphorylation is a vital process in animals and plants, and so trialkyltin compounds act as wide-ranging biocides. Another mode of action involves the inhibition of forms of cytochrome P450, which was referred to earlier in connection with metabolism. This has been demonstrated in mammals, aquatic invertebrates and fish (Morcillo et al. 2004, Oberdorster 2002). TBTO has been shown to inhibit P450 activity in cells from various tissues of mammals, including liver, kidney, and small intestine mucosa, both in vivo and in vitro (Rosenberg and Drummond 1983, Environmental Health Criteria 116). 

Porous membranes have been prepared by leaching an additive from films and tubes of PCL (64,72). The procedure involves extrusion or casting blends of PCL and Pluronic F68, the latter being an FDA-approved oxyethylene-co-oxypropylene triblock copolymer. Treatment of the phase-separated blend with aqueous acetone or aqueous alcohols causes both swelling of the polymer and extraction of the Pluronic F68. The induced pore size and void volume may be controlled by the time, temperature, and solvent composition. 

For removal of an organic component from water, swelling of the organophillic membrane would result in a higher flux and lower a. At organic levels below about 10 percent, that has not been a major... 

N Thomas, AH Windle. Case II swelling of PMMA sheet in methanol. J Membrane Sci 3 337-346, 1978. 

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