Consistency of observations

Visual Examination This consists of observation of the portion of components, joints, and other piping elements that are or can be... 

Dynamic nuclear polarization experiments consist of observing the proton NMR signal (at the nuclear Larmor frequency o)n/2tt — 107 s-1), while pumping with microwave power near the ESR Larmor frequency (x>e/2TT — 1010 s 1 (Fig. 7). Two limiting results may occur according to whether the electron nuclear coupling is static or dynamic. In the static case, the elec-... 

Thorley et al. (T2) studied the effect of column diameter, cone angle, orifice size, bed depth, and gas flow on the particle velocity at the wall for wheat in air. Their data consist of observed particle velocities at the top of the annulus, and the vertical velocity gradients, from which the total solids flow rates at the top and the cross-flow rates can be calculated. A selection from the extensive data reported by these workers is shown in... 

Figure 1 Title page of Robert Boyle s Tracts consisting of Observations about the Saltness of the Sea and other essays (1674).

Usually, consistency of observations is also required, i.e., all honest observers should obtain identical results. However, this will be a consequence of a general structural requirement, see Section 5.3.2, Stracture for External Verifiability . 

If external verifiability of the behaviour of participants is required (see Section 5.2.11), a structural requirement is usually made, too The entities of the observers should only observe the messages between the original entities, and not send any messages themselves. For this purpose, the channels used in the normal implementation of the transaction are extended to broadcast channels including the observers entities as receivers. Moreover, it is required that the decisions of the observers are deterministic. This ensures the consistency of observations. 

Strength, consistency, and specificity of association of key events and tumor response. Complete assessment and presentation of the relationships among the key events, precursor lesions, and tumors. Portrayal of the consistency of observations across studies of different designs. 

Up to now, we have considered the A — B system in absence of any external perturbation. However the most appropriate methods to study the nature and the relative energies of the low lying states in A - B consist of observing the response of the system to an external magnetic field H. In this case, we have to add to Eq. (2) [or (2) + (3)] a Zeeman perturbation of the form ... 

For the CgQ-DMA complex formation in room-temperature toluene as an example, the data matrix Y consists of observed absorption spectra of Cgo in... 

New (unfamiliar) compositions containing these metals should be tested in small quantity, for water sensitivity, before larger amounts are dampened or put away for drying. Testing often consists of observing for a temperature rise over time (with or without instruments). 

The swap curve depicts the relationship between the term structure and swap rates. The swap curve consists of observed market interest rates, derived from market instruments that represent the most liquid and dominant instruments for their respective time horizons, bootstrapped and combined using an interpolation algorithm. This section describes a complete methodology for the construction of the swap term structure. 

The second method consists of observing the samples using a scanning electron microscope. 

Qualitative SAED consists of observation of the pattern of diffraction spots obtained on the TEM viewing screen from a randomly oriented fiber or particle. Such a pattern indicates that the material is crystalline. Chrysotile fibrils, with their cylindrical form, will usually give the same characteristic pattern, corresponding to a 0.73 mn spacing for (0 0 2) planes, and a layer line repeat of 0.53 nm, as well as streaking of the (110) and (130) reflections. These observations and measurements can be made directly from the screen if the appropriate calibrated screen... 

A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior to each shift the equipment will be used. It must be completed before or during that shift and consist of observation for apparent deficiencies. OSHA does not require documentation of the shift inspection. 

Life cycle management could support an active attitude towards improving the design quality of the product, as a contrast with just reacting to events, see also Sect. 35.4.1. fir contrast to licensed medicinal products for instance, pharmacy preparatirms are usually not tested on efficacy and safety before use in patient care. Their safety is based upon literature. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the outcomes of a treatment (pharmacovigilance, see also Sect. 35.4.2) and to relate this knowledge to the continuation, modification, or discontinuation of the product. The treatment outcomes generally consist of observations by the physicians, case reports, or retrospective analysis of patient dossiers. 

Thus, the research work of Trifigny (2013) has consisted of observing the kinematics of the weaving process by checking aU the contacts and dynamic loads applied on yams. Based on these observations, the design of electrically sensitive and mechanically resistant sensor yams has been achieved, tested and calibrated. Then, dynamic measurements on the different loom locations have been conducted to detect the local distribution of elongation on different warp yams, especially applied on two different tow counts of continuous E-glass yams inserted into 3D warp interlock fabrics. 

The fusibilit)t test is also a qualitative assay that consists of observing the melting ability of a tiny mineral fragment held in the dart of the blowpipe flame. Historically this simple test was based on the experimental observation made by the first mineralogists and chemists that... 

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