Demulsifier stability

Uses Metal/fiber wetting agent demulsifier stabilizer for chlorinated systems for drawing, stamping, rolling lubricants wastewater stripping oils leather treatment textile spin finishes rust preventive compds. Features Patented forms continuous monomolecular film with rust prevention props. environmentally friendly Properties Gardner 10 max. color vise. 100-140 SUS (100 F) acid no. 6-10 iodine no. 100-130 sapon. no. 170-180 hyd. no. 21-35 pour pt. -6 to 6 F cloud pt. 40 F max. flash pt. (COC) 450 F min. 

Uses Wetting agent, emulsifier, demulsifier, stabilizer in water treatment and petrol, processing Manuf./Distrib. Venchem Trade Names Octowet 70A... 

Uses Metal/fiber wetting agent demulsifier stabilizer for chlorinated systems for drawing, stamping, rolling lubricants wastewater stripping oils leather treatment textile spin finishes rust preventive compds. 

There are oil-soluble demulsifiers and water-soluble demulsifiers, the latter being widely used. Emulsions are variable in stability. This variability is largely dependent on oil type and degree of weathering. Emulsions that have a low stability will break easily with chemical emulsion breakers. Broken emulsions will form a foamlike material, called rag, which retains water that is not part of the stable emulsions. The most effective demulsifier must always be determined for the particular emulsion. 

The stabilization of water-oil emulsions happens as a result of the interfacial layers, which mainly consist of colloids present in the crude oil—asphaltenes and resins. By adding demulsifiers, the emulsion breaks up. With water-soluble... 

The major problem in demulsifying crude oil emulsions is the extreme sensitivity to demulsifier composition. There have been attempts (2, 3) to correlate demulsifier effectiveness with some of the physical properties governing emulsion stability. However, our understanding in this area is still limited. Consequently, demulsifier selection has been traditionally based on a trial and error method with hundreds of chemicals in the field. 

Our goal is to develop a property-performance relationship for different types of demulsifiers. The important interfacial properties governing water-in-oil emulsion stability are shear viscosity, dynamic tension and dilational elasticity. We have studied the relative importance of these parameters in demulsification. In this paper, some of the results of our study are presented. In particular, we have found that to be effective, a demulsifier must lower the dynamic interfacial tension gradient and its ability to do so depends on the rate of unclustering of the ethylene oxide groups at the oil-water interface. 

Uses Demulsifier dye-leveling agent stabilizer for natural oils and vinyl polymers organic synthesis. 

To break through this oil or surfactant layer and free the retained water, it is necessary to chemically disrupt the stability of this layer. Demulsifiers and dehazers can adsorb onto the protective film and subsequently interfere with the electrochemical forces which hold this outer layer together. 

Used as stabilizer for natural oils and vinyl polymers and also as demulsifier (Ref 2) Refs 1) Beil 17, 104, (50) [104] 2) Cond-... 

Chemical addition. Since the chemical must contact each stabilized water droplet in order to destabilize it, Che chemical should be applied so that it is thoroughly mixed with all of the emulsion. This can be accomplisned by batch treating, that is. mixing the demulsifier with a quantity of emulsion after it has been produced or by continuously injecting the dcmulsilier into the emulsion as it is being produced Mosi ofien continuous injection is used... 

More commonly, demulsifiers are surface-active substances (surfactants) that have the ability to destabilize emulsions. This involves reducing the interfacial tension at the emulsion interface, often by neutralizing the effect of other surfactants that are stabilizing the emulsion. An example is antagonistic action - the addition of an O/W promoter to break a W/O emulsion (see sensitization in Section 5.4). Mikula... 

The presence of solids further complicates the performance requirements for a demulsifier. Emulsions stabilized by fine particles can usually be broken if the wettability of the particles is reversed. Inorganic particles, such as iron sulfides or clay minerals, can be made water-wet, causing them to leave the interface and diffuse into the water phase, or they can be made oil-wet so that they leave the interface and diffuse into the oil phase [68]. Organic particles, such as paraffins and asphaltenes, can be removed from interfaces by dissolution [461,463,466]. 

Demulsifying agents are usually added to the continuous phase and need to diffuse to the interface and displace, or otherwise destroy, the effectiveness of the original stabilizing agents at the interfaces. The demulsifier should usually be added far enough upstream to permit these actions to take place, and for droplet coalescence to occur, before the emulsion reaches a separating vessel. Demulsifiers are formu-... 

It follows directly from the previous considerations of emulsion stability that if an emulsion is stabilized by electrical repulsive forces, then demulsifi-... 

Several factors affect demulsifier performance temperature, pH, and the nature of the aqueous-phase salt. In most cases, an increase in temperature results in a decrease in emulsion stability. Consequently, for a particular emulsion, less demulsifier is required at higher treating temperatures to effect the same degree of treatment. Studies (i) on the effect of pH on the instability of crude-oil-water emulsions have shown that a pH of 10.5 produced the least stable emulsions. Furthermore, basic pH produced oil-inwater emulsions and acidic pH generated water-in-oil emulsions. 

Difficulties are encountered in some extractions with immiscible solvents because of the formation of emulsions which prevent a sharp separation of the layers. Suspension of solid particles tends to stabilize emulsions, and it is advisable, if possible, to filter the solution before extraction and to avoid violent shaking. Emulsions are often demulsified by the addition of more solvent, an electrolyte like salt, a few drops of alcohol (in the case of ether extracts), and application of suction to the vessel. 

Use Stabilizer for natural oils, demulsifier, dye-leveling agent, stabilizer for vinyl polymers. 

Demulsifiers aid in the separation of fuel from water. Normally, hydrocarbons and water separate rapidly and cleanly. But if the fuel contains polar compounds that behave like surfactants and if free water is present, the fuel and water can form a stable emulsion. Any operation that subjects the mixture to high shear forces, like pumping the fuel, can stabilize the emulsion. Demulsifiers are surfactants which can destabilize the emulsions and allow the fuel and water phases to separate. Demulsifiers are used in concentrations of up to 30 ppm. 

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