Batch treating

Emulsions Emulsions have particles of 0.05 to 5.0 [Lm diameter. The product is a stable latex, rather than a filterable suspension. Some latexes are usable directly, as in paints, or they may be coagulated by various means to produce massive polymers. Figures 23-23d and 23-23 show bead and emulsion processes for vinyl chloride. Continuous emulsion polymerization of outadiene-styrene rubber is done in a CSTR battery with a residence time of 8 to 12 h. Batch treating of emulsions also is widely used. 

By adding a trickling water supply and drain, Q3, to the drag-out tank, the application of Kushner s concept can be extended to other metal finishing processes that may not be amenable to full reuse but can allow partial reuse. Figure 9.3 depicts the partial reuse scheme. The trickle concentrate can also be batch treated in a small volume on-site, recycled at a central facility, or mixed with Qx, for discharge, if the combined metal content is below sewer discharge standards. 

No Substrate batch Treat- ment [CD] 104 x, M ki min 1 k2 min 1 eemax ee24o conv24o... 

The conversion of the process from batch treating to continuous centrifuging effected a marked improvement in the economy of the operation. The time of treatment and the quantity of acid required for treating were substantially reduced. The loss of oil to sludge was decreased and the sludge was less viscous than that obtained in batch operation and could be disposed of with less difficulty. 

Chemical addition. Since the chemical must contact each stabilized water droplet in order to destabilize it, Che chemical should be applied so that it is thoroughly mixed with all of the emulsion. This can be accomplisned by batch treating, that is. mixing the demulsifier with a quantity of emulsion after it has been produced or by continuously injecting the dcmulsilier into the emulsion as it is being produced Mosi ofien continuous injection is used... 

In oil production or processing, the process in which emulsion is continuously broken and separated into oil and water bulk phases. This process is an alternative to batch treating of emulsions. See also Treater. 

Treats larger volumes of soil Limited in scale—batches treated individually... 

The RO unit was operated at 13 bar, permeate was discharged and concentrate recycled into the feed tank for further concentration. The final volume of a batch was limited by the inner volume of the unit with about 15 L usually obtained, including concentrate washed out of the unit at the end of cycle. The concentration in this final liquid changed depending on the volume of the batch treated at that time. 

If the nodularisation off-gas is not captured, this could result in the melting shop filling-up with a white smoke, and MgO dust drop out. Exhausting without filtration can result in a visible emission from the foundry. A large volume of visible particulate can be generated in a relatively short period of time, but usually only lasts for a short duration (5 to 10 minutes for each batch treated). 

The solution is batch-treated at room temperature every 4 to 12 months. If the solution is clear and colorless, additive is added based on Hull cell and analysis. Do not use Supercarb or hydrogen peroxide. 

Carbon treatment Circulate through a carbon canister for 4 hours (more than one canister may be required) or batch-treat to remove organics.The basic six steps to batch-carbon-treat are as follows ... 

This is a periodic treatment in which a large quantity of chemicals is used for an extended period of time. It is commonly used to treat flowing oil wells. Batch treatment is also called slug treatment For batch treating, the tube displacement method is employed. Several barrels of inhibitor are pumped into the tubing at the top. The inhibitor is displaced to the bottom of the tubing with the fluids in the oil well. The well is closed for a specific period before operation. The batch is used mciinly to treat water with biocides and not to supply inhibitors or scavengers. 

Due to the large temperature gradient in many gas wells, corrosion mechanisms can change, resulting in different types of corrosion in the same well, whereas oil wells do not exhibit this behavior. Normally, oil wells produce more liquid than gas wells, resulting in a shorter treatment life when batch treated. Because corrosion in oil wells is electrochemical in nature, an electrolyte must be present for corrosion to occur. In oil wells, the source of the water is nearly always the producing formation, and the water will contain dissolved salts in concentrations ranging from traces to saturation. Water associated with corrosion may be in a thin layer, in droplets, or even the major phase. 

Wells of these types are squeezed, displaced, batch treated, and continuously injected. 

If this is a gas well making little or no fluid (5.6-11.2 liquid m /Mm gas) the shut in condition will leave the tubing full of gas. This well can be batch treated by pumping diluted inhibitor into the tubing. The volume of the treatment will vary from 18.926 to 37.75 liters of inhibitor in 158.9 to 749.85 liters of diluents, to one drum of inhibitor in 0.1589 m to 1.589m of diluent, depending on whether the corrosion is known to occur near the surface or near the bottom of the well. 

Density is important in achieving proper mixing of the inhibitor in the corroding stream. High-density inhibitors have heen developed for batch treating a two-phase system, such as an oil well, where getting the inhibitor to the proper location is a particular problem. 

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