Decontamination properties

As a result of this preliminary work it was concluded that the increased actinide capacity, faster elution kinetics, and better decontamination properties of macroporous resins justify additional work to further evaluate Bio-Rad AG MP-50 and other macroporous resins for the MSE cation process macroporous resins do appear to be better for actinide recovery from molten salt residues than gel-type resins. 

Moore, G., Griffith, C., 2006. A laboratory evaluation of the decontamination properties of microfibre cloths. Journal of Hospital Infection 64 (4), 379—385 (It is known that microfiber cloth possess high surface area and that helped to wipe off more amount of microbes effectively). 

Kusama, M. Chikazawa, T. Tamaki, Y. (2005). Estimation Tests for Effecting Factor on Decontamination Property in Crystallization Process, JNC TJ8400 2005-006, Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan Lausch, J. Berg, R. Koch, L. Coquerelle, M. Glatz, J. P. Walker, C. T. Mayer, K. (1994). Dissolution Residues of Highly Burnt Nuclear Fuels. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 208, No. 1-2, (January 1994), pp. 73-80, ISSN 0022-3115... 

Another V-agent of interest is Vx, called "V sub x." Another designation for Vx is "V-gas." The properties of Vx are similar to those of VX. It is nearly lOx more volatile than VX, but is very persistent in comparison to the G-agents. The molecular weight of Vx is 211.2. Listed values are calculated, information on this agent is limited. The physiological action, protection, and decontaminants for Vx are the same as for VX. 

The development of catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds by air under ambient conditions is of both academic and practical importance (1). Formaldehyde is an important intermediate in synthetic chemistry as well as one of the major pollutants in the human environment (2). While high temperature (> 120 °C) catalytic oxidations are well known (3), low temperature aerobic oxidations under mild conditions have yet to be reported. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are attractive oxidation catalysts because these extensively modifiable metal oxide-like structures have high thermal and hydrolytic stability, tunable acid and redox properties, solubility in various media, etc. (4). Moreover, they can be deposited on fabrics and porous materials to render these materials catalytically decontaminating (5). Here we report the aerobic oxidation of formaldehyde in water under mild conditions (20-40 °C, 1 atm of air or 02) in the presence of Ce-substituted POMs (Ce-POMs). 

Metcalfe, D.E., Zukovs, G., Mackay, D., Paterson, S. (1988) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) physical and chemical property data. In Hazards, Decontamination and Replacement of PCB A Comprehensive Guide. Crine, J.P., Ed., pp. 3-33, Plenum Press, New York. 

Although the vesicant properties of arsenical agents can be eliminated during decontamination, arsenic is an element and cannot be destroyed. Residual arsenical compounds may still possess significant toxicity if they enter the body through ingestion, or broken, abraded, or lacerated skin (e.g., penetration of skin by debris). 

The decontamination efficiency of VX seems high on the first view. But it is quite opposite. Let us only compare the the toxicity data and compare them vs. contamination density on the skin surface in mg/sq.cm [2], Moreover, the non-sufficient rate of the decontaminating reaction even diminishes the protective properties of clothing [1] in case of decontamination on man [3], Also skin irritation (observed in over 20 % of tested persons) was among reasons to start new R D. 

This means is actually very simple for production and use [6], The powder is placed in a hand-operated PE bottle (in the form of quadrangular prism) with small orifice for directed spreading of powder on the contaminated area. The bottleneck contains a screw cap. It is interesting that this R D resulted in an atypically cheap innovation The price of the new IPB-80 was less than one third as compared with the old IPB-60 introduced twenty years ago. The most important property - the decontamination efficiency, is shown in table 5. 

In spite of numerous researches devoted to improve methods and means for special treatment efficiency of decontamination in a number of instances does not correspond to the new requirements. An explanation for this from one side is the higher level of toxicity of the new chemical warfare agents small quantities of which could be very dangerous to humans and, from the other side, the process of decontamination is dependent both on methods and decontamination ability and specific properties of the contaminated object. 

Testing separately samples using both methods at 100°C learns that that the velocity of the processes increases considerably and the time for treatment is shortened but the values of physicomechanical properties are reduced with 8-9%. That is a reason to consider that optimal conditions for treatment using both methods are 80°C during 50 minutes. These conditions could be created and maintained in means for decontamination and disinfection of devices and armament. 

Optimal conditions for treatment of the coatings are specified -temperature 80°C, time for treatment - 50 min. Physicomechanical properties of garment are reduced after having been treating three times with 3-4%, which is within the limits of permissible influence.in the Republic of Bulgaria in accepted means for decontamination and disinfection of devices and armament. 

Hazardous Decomposition Products Reasonably stable however, in presence of moisture, it hydrolyses rapidly, losing its vesicant property. It also hydrolyses in acidic medium to form HC1 and non-volatile (solid) chlorovinylarsenious oxide, which is less vesicant than Lewisite. Hydrolysis in alkaline medium, as in decontamination with alcoholic caustic or carbonate solution or DS2, produces acetylene and trisodium arsenate (Na3 As 04). Therefore, decontaminated solution would contain toxic arsenic. 

Mustard gas, 5 815, 816-818 decontamination, 5 837 physical properties, 5 817t Mustard seed, 23 168-169 Mutagenesis... 

In this level, the fundamental tasks required to convert the raw materials into the final product are identified. All tasks are related to property differences. Siirola (1996) has presented the following hierarchy of property differences molecular identity, amount, composition, phase, temperature/pressure, form. This list of tasks is not very well suited for food properties. Common tasks for food processes are decontamination (e.g. pasteurization and sterilization) and structure formation (e.g. emulsification, size reduction of dispersed phase in an emulsion, crystallization, interfacial adsorption/desorption). 

Bennett etal. have presented a model for gaseous pollution sorption by plants. The model includes all the known factors that might have a significant effect on pollution sorption by plant leaves, including gas concentration (ambient air and internal leaf), gas fluxes (external and internal), resistance to flow (leaf boundary layer, stomatal, and internal), nature of leaf surfaces (stomatal presence, cutin, and surface properties), importance of gas solubility and thus solute concentration within the leaf, and ability of the plant to metabolize pollutants (decontaminate itself). They mentioned the reactivity of ozone as another factor to consider. They believe that surface sorption may be important, at least over short periods. They presented a possible mathematical representation of these factors, which they suggested is equivalent to the mathematical statement of Ohm s law. This material is well int ated in the review by Bennett and Hill. ... 

Thus, the 1-naphthyl acetate activity from the cigarette beetle yeast does have properties, especially the solvent stability, that are likely to promote use for decontamination of lipophilic toxins. In addition, this activity (and in some cases additional molecular forms detected by gel electrophoresis) can be stimulated (based on higher activity relative to solvent controls) by malathion,... 

The cigarette beetle symbiont has many desirable properties for use in decontamination. As indicated earlier, it has a broad-spectrum... 

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