Davy Technology

Contractors offering downfired furnaces for methanol applications include ICI licensees, such as Davy Technology (division of John Brown) and Humphreys and Glasgow, Uhde, KTI, and The M. W. Kellogg Company. (See Figs. 25 and 26.)... 

S. C. Davis and P. S. Hu, Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 1 /, ORNL-6649, Oak Ridge National Laboratories for Office of Transportation Technologies, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Washington, D.C., 1991. 

An important future use for maleic anhydride is beUeved to be the production of products in the 1,4-butanediol—y-butyrolactone—tetrahydrofuran family. Davy Process Technology has commercialized a process (93) for producing 1,4-butanediol from maleic anhydride. This technology can be used to produce the product mix of the three molecules as needed by the producer. Another significant effort in this area is the tetrahydrofuran plant under constmction in Spain by Du Pont in which butane is oxidized and recovered as maleic acid and the maleic acid is then reduced to tetrahydrofuran (109). 

The search for catalyst systems which could effect the 0x0 reaction under milder conditions and produce higher yields of the desired aldehyde resulted in processes utilizing rhodium. Oxo capacity built since the mid-1970s, both in the United States and elsewhere, has largely employed tertiary phosphine-modified rhodium catalysts. For example, over 50% of the world s butyraldehyde (qv) is produced by the LP Oxo process, technology Hcensed by Union Carbide Corporation and Davy Process Technology. 

Ligand-Modified Rhodium Process. The triphenylphosphine-modified rhodium oxo process, termed the LP Oxo process, is the industry standard for the hydroformylation of ethylene and propylene as of this writing (ca 1995). It employs a triphenylphosphine [603-35-0] (TPP) (1) modified rhodium catalyst. The process operates at low (0.7—3 MPa (100—450 psi)) pressures and low (80—120°C) temperatures. Suitable sources of rhodium are the alkanoate, 2,4-pentanedionate, or nitrate. A low (60—80 kPa (8.7—11.6 psi)) CO partial pressure and high (10—12%) TPP concentration are critical to obtaining a high (eg, 10 1) normal-to-branched aldehyde ratio. The process, first commercialized in 1976 by Union Carbide Corporation in Ponce, Puerto Rico, has been ficensed worldwide by Union Carbide Corporation and Davy Process Technology. 

G. Davis, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on O ne Technology, International Ozone Association, Pan American Group, Stamford, Conn., 1975, p. 421. 

A. Bleier, in R. E. Davis, H. Palmour 111, and R. L. Porter, eds.. Emergent Process Methods for High Technology Ceramics, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, p. 71. 

Davis, G.D., Cooke, A.V., Rooney, M., Groff, G.B, Boothe, R, Simmons, C., Sw auger T.R. and Graham, P, In Proc. 1995 JANNAF Propulsion and Subcoinmillee Joint Meetings Technology. Chemical Propulsion Information Agency, Columbia, MD, 1995. 

Smith, N. (1976). Man and Water A History of Hydro-Technology. London P. Davies. 

Bryan Enderle, University of California, Davis David Erwin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Justin Fermann, University of Massachusetts Regina F. Frey, Washington University P. Shiv Halasyamani, University of Houston Jameica Hill, Wofford College Alan Jircitano, Penn State, Erie... 

Davies, S. H. R. (1985). "Mn(ll) oxidation in the presence of metal oxides." PhD dissertation, California Institute of Technology, Pasedena, California. 

Kozma, R. Russell, J., Jones, T., Marx,N., Davis, J. (1996). The use of multiple linked representations to faeilitate seienee understanding. In S. Vosniadou, R. Glaser, E. DeCorte, H. Mandl (Eds.), International perspectives on the psychologicalfoundations of technology-based learning environments pp. 41-60), Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum. 

Lee, H., Zones, S.I., and Davis, M.E. (2004) Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Zeolites and Related Materials, Parts A-C, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam. 

School of Chemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Cahfomia, Davis, USA j atupom sut.ac.th... 

Wakeham SG, Davis AC, Karas JL. 1983. Microcosm experiments to determine the fate and persistence of volatile organic compounds in coastal seawater. Environmental Science and Technology 17 611-617. 

In this chapter, we focus on recent and emerging technologies that either are or soon will be applied commercially. Older technologies are discussed to provide historic perspective. Brief discussions of potential future technologies are provided to indicate current development directions. The chapter substantially extends an earlier publication (Davis et al., 1996a) and is divided into seven main sections beyond the introduction Data Analysis, Input Analysis, Input-Output Analysis, Data Interpretation, Symbolic-Symbolic Interpretation, Managing Scale and Scope of Large-Scale Process Operations, and Comprehensive Examples. 

Davis, K. and McDonald, L.K., Potential corrosion and microbiological mechanisms and detection techniques in solution mining and hydrocarbon storage wells, in Underground Injection Science and Technology, Tsang, C.F. and Apps, J.A., Eds., Elsevier, New York, 2007. 

H. F. Davis and H. U. Stauffer, Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Academic Press, 2002). 

Davis A, Ruby MV, Bergstrom PD. 1992. Bioavailability of arsenic and lead in soils from the Butte, Montana, mining district. Environmental Science Technology 26 461-468. 

Davis, T. L., The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives. Chapman Hall, London, 1956. Kirk, R. E., and Othmer, D. F., Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. 6, Interscienee, New York, 1951. 

Background Briefing Steam Frothing of Milk, Dairy Chemistry, The Institute of Food Science Technology, Dairy Research and Information Center, University of California— Davis, http //drinc.ucdavis.edu/html/dairyc/index.shtml... 

Ellis-Davies, G. C. (2007). Caged compounds Photorelease technology for control of cellular chemistry and physiology. Nat. Methods 4, 619-28. 

Davis, T.A., Llanes, F., Volesky, B. and Mucci, A. (2003) Metal selectivity of Sargassum spp. And their alginates in relation to their a-L-guluronic acid content and conformation. Environmental Science S. Technology, 37, 261-267. 

Ogden, J.M., T. Kreutz, S. Kartha and L. Iwan, Assessment of Technologies for Producing Hydrogen from Natural Gas at Small Scale, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, University of California, Davis, CA, Draft Report, November 26,1996. 

Burke, A.F. and Gardiner, M. Hydrogen Storage Options Technologies and Comparisons for Light-duty Vehicle Applications, Research Report UCD-ITS-RR-05-01, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2005. 

Despite the very attractive properties of the rhodium-based system, no commercial plants used it because the low stability of the catalyst meant that the catalyst separation problem prevented commercialisation. Very recently, this situation has changed with the introduction of rhodium-based plant by Sasol in South Africa which uses technology developed by Kvaemer Process Technology (now Davy Process Technology). This batch continuous plant produces medium-long chain aldehydes and the separation is carriedoutbylow pressure distillation [16-18]... 

Gas Recycle technology has been licensed worldwide by Union Carbide-Davy for the hydroformylation of propene.[9] It has also been operated by Union Carbide for ethene hydroformylation. Its use with butene is feasible, but at the margin of operability. Liquid Recycle, described below, is a better option for butene. 

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