Data bases pesticides

Offers direct access to virtually all of the world s scientific and data bases for toxicology and related information. Covers chemicals, pesticides, food additives, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and pharmaceuticals. The Center is online to more than 400 computerized databases, including DIALOG, MEDLARS, STN International, ITIS, and DROLS. It performs searches for outside users for a fee. 

Williams WM, Holden PW, Parsons DW, et al. 1988. Pesticides in groundwater data base 1988 interim report. Washington, DC U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs. NTIS PB89 164230 AS. 

Based on the patch method to assess worker or re-entry exposure, researchers have developed a database, which may be used to estimate exposure. Each patch from an individual in a study can be entered into the database separately, the residue data from patches from various body areas can be summed to yield a whole-body exposure number, and the data may be sorted as to worker tasks, equipment used, protective clothing worn, formulation types and other parameters. This is the basis for the currently used Pesticide Handlers Data Base (PHED), which was developed through a joint effort in the 1980s of CropLife America [formerly known as American Crop Protection Association (ACPA) and National Agricultural Chemicals Association (NACA)], the Environmental Protection Agency (ERA) and Health Canada. " The PHED is discussed in detail in another article in this book. 

Two concerns arise which CSIN administration has not addressed so far. First, the emphasis has been to provide access only through well-established existing sources. No apparent effort has been made to consider the need for drawing together the multiplicity of information submitted to the EPA Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances in an easily accessible form for agency use. With the exception of information contained in the Chemicals In Commerce Information System (CICIS), developed primarily to accommodate TSCA Inventory and other related information, regulatory personnel often are not aware what is already available and request repetitive submissions from industry. Furthermore, conclusions are drawn only from publicly available data-bases. Data already available within the agency are not readily accessible for its own personnel. Apparently, this situation is a result of non-responsiveness, so far, to TSCA Section 10 s mandate. 

Detections of endrin in groundwater are also rare except from wells near hazardous waste sites. The EPA Pesticides in Groundwater Data Base (EPA 1989) contains groundwater data collected with good quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) provisions from areas with significant agricultural land uses as well as... 

Gianessi LP. 1986. A national pesticide usage data base, summary of report submitted to the office of standards and regulations, U.S. EPA under cooperative agreement CR 811858-01-0 by Resources for the Future, Washington, DC. 

Prom the audience in a different regard, "Different analysts are producing different data sets which are pooled in standard databases. For example, the the database of constituents and nutrients in food is one the Department of Agriculture maintains. Different people submit various analytical levels of these quantities along with various pollutants like pesticide residues and that sort of thing. The question is how can these databases identify method bias which they do not now do How would you identify the data elements that should exist in pooled data bases that would allow bias adjustment to be made " You readers must search for that answer. 

EPA. 1998. Instructions for reporting for the 1998 partial updating of the TSCA chemical inventory data base. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. EPA 749-B-98-001. 

The F.W.G.P.M. Task Force addressed itself mainly to the problem of organophosphates, and its terms of reference were to identify areas in which information on occupational exposure to workers was unavailable, to make recommendations for the development of research protocols to determine safe reentry levels for the protection of agricultural and forest workers, and to suggest interim reentry standards based on existing knowledge. The report was controversial but drew attention to the lack of a substantial data base and to the urgent need for surveillance of pesticide-related morbidity and mortality and for research to identify factors influencing safe worker reentry levels. 

Gianessi, L.P. and N. Reigner (2006). National pesticide data base 2002. CropLife Foundation, http //cipm.ncsu.edu/croplife. 

Pesticide Handlers Exposure Data Base (PHED) (1992). Notice of availability of the pesticide handlers exposure data base through Versar, Inc. Fed. Reg., 57(107) 23403, June 3. 

Adequate toxicological and ecotoxicological data are not available for many plant-based pesticides. 

From these data on pesticide usage, the environmental effects associated with adoption of GM crops will be assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively, the impact will be predicted based on, for example, properties of pesticides, quantities of applied pesticides, times of application, pest characteristics, and geographic conditions. Subsequently, the quantitative assessment will employ methods such as environmental indicators that allow for a comparison of the environmental impacts of different pesticide regimes. The enviroiunental impact may also cover other important parameters associated with altered agronomic practices under GM crop cultivation, such as tillage practices and farmland biodiversity. 

The toxicity data based on the LD50 values determined from tests on animal involve several problems and should not be interpreted as exact values for human toxicity. These values should be used as guides in estimating the relative toxicides of pesticides and can be also used to determine the level of protection (PPE) required to perform various tasks such as the application or handling of pesticides. 

The new safety standard, provided in section 408(b) (2) (A) (ii) of the FQPA, is a reasonable certainty of no harm standard for aggregate exposure using dietary residues and all other reliable exposure information. When setting new or reassessing existing tolerances or tolerance exemptions under the new standard, EPA must now focus explicitly on exposures and risks to children and infants. EPA must explicitly determine that the tolerance, or exemption from tolerance, is safe for children consider the need for an additional safety factor of up to tenfold to account for uncertainty in the data base relative to children unless there is evidence that a different factor should be used and consider children s special sensitivities and often unique exposure patterns to pesticides. 

Pollack 0.150 The Pesticide and Chemical Contaminant Data Base for the FDA (1991/1992)... 

In 1967, Frawley [7] analysed the results of over 200 chronic feeding studies in rodents and found that apart from a few exceptions (e.g. heavy metals, pesticides), there were no adverse effects observed at dietary levels below 100 ppm. Considering a safety factor of 1000 to cover any such exceptions, as well as considering the limited nature of his data base, he arrived at a figure of no-concem of 0.1 ppm (which translates to somewhere between 1 and 5 pg/kg body weight/day in consumers). 

The main purpose of the toxicity tests just described is to provide a data base that can be used to evaluate the hazard and assess the risk associated with the use of a pesticide. In practice the no observable effect level (NOEL) found in the most sensitive animal species tested in chronic studies is used. To extrapolate a safe dose for human consumption, a safety factor of 100 is usually used. For example, if the NOEL in the most sensitive animal species e.g. the dog from the chronic feeding study, was 10 mg/kg of body weight, then the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for man would be... 

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