Dairy manure

Biochar from dairy manure also has pofenfial for environmenfal remediation or for creating slow release phosphorus fertilizers (Cau and Harris, 2010). Dairy manure was converted by heating at temperatures below pyrolysis temperatures (< 500 °C) and in the presence of air. The potential benefit for lowering GHGs was nof defermined but the products have the potential of creating new markets for manure. 

Cau, X. and Harris, W. (2010). Properties of dairy manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5222-5228. 

Liebrand, C. B. and Ling, K. C. (2009). Cooperative approaches for implementation of dairy manure digesters. USDA Rural Development. Research Report 217. 

Hanselman TA, Graetz DA, Wilkie AC, Szabo NJ, Diaz CS (2006) Determination of steroidal estrogens in flushed dairy manure wastewater by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Environ Qual 35 695-700... 

Payraudeau S, Vanderwerf HMG (2005) Environmental impact assessment for a farming region a review of methods. Agric Ecosyst Environ 107 1-19 Peacock AD, Mullen MD, Ringelberg DB, Tyler DD, Hedrick DB, Gale PM, White DC (2001) Soil microbial community responses to dairy manure or ammonium nitrate applications. Soil Biol Biochem 33 1011-1019... 

LAUER, D.A., BOULDIN, D.R. and KLAUSNER, S.D. (1976). Ammonia volatilisation from dairy manure spread on the soil surface. Journal of Environmental Quality 5, 134-141. 

BARTH, C.L., HILL, D.T. POLKOWSKI, L.B. (1974). Correlating odor intensity index and odorous components in stored dairy manure. Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 17 (4), 742-744. 

Formic acid was identified as a constituent in a variety of composted organic wastes. Detectable concentrations were reported in 16 of 21 composts extracted with water. Concentrations ranged from 0.02 mmoFkg in a sawdust + dairy cattle manure to 30.65 mmoFkg in fresh dairy manure. The overall average concentration was 9.64 mmoEkg (Baziramakenga and Simard, 1998). 

Doyle. R.C..Kaufman, D.D., and Burt. G.W. Effect of dairy manure and sewage sludge on C-pesticide degradation in soil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 26 987-989,1978. 

Astrom et al. (2007) compared the total coliform and E. coli contamination of surface runoff and tile effluent from two no-till field plots one with surface-applied liquid dairy manure and a nonmanure-treated plot. These researchers found greater bacterial populations in surface and tile waters from the manure treated plot, but significant contamination occurred from the nonmanured plot attributed to bird and other wildlife feces. Soupir et al. (2006) examined the release and transport of bacteria from manure applied to pastureland. Using rainfall simulations, they... 

Grewal, S. K., Rajeev, S., Sreevatsan, S., and Michel, F. C., Jr. (2006). Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing, and liquid storage of dairy manure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72,... 

Reeves, J.B. Ill and Van Kessel, J.S. (2000) Determination of ammonium-N, moisture, total C and total N in dairy manures using a near infrared fibre-optic spectrometer. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 8, 151-160. 

Entry, J.A. and W.H. Emmingham (1995). The influence of dairy manure on atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mineralization... 

Topp, E., L. Tessier, and E.G. Gregorich (1996). Dairy manure incorporation stimulates rapid atrazine mineralization in an agricultural soil. Can. J. Soil Sci., 76 403 109. 

Lo, K. V., Liao, P. H., and Chiu, C. (1987). Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cheese whey and dairy manure. Biomass 15,45-53. 

Hinedi ef a/. (1989a) Digested sludge, dairy manure Solution USA... 

Liao W, Liu Y, Frear C, Chen SL. (2008). Co-production of fumaric acid and chitin from a nitrogen rich lignocellulosic material dairy manure using a pelletized filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae ATTC 20344. Bioresour Technol, 96, 2026-2032. 

There are several examples describing the production of multiple compounds from biomass, or its derived components (Table 9.2). Dairy manure is a type of biomass that contains 12% hemicellulose, 22% cellulose, and 18% crude protein, representing a lai e potential source of carbohydrates as a carbon source and proteins as a nitrc en source. This substrate is uniquely adaptable and advant eous for animal manure refineries. The Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 20344 cell factory produced fumaric acid and chitin fiom the dairy manure. A liquid/ solid separation was used to obtain a nitrc en-rich liquid stream for fungal growth and subsequent chitin accumulation, while the manure s solid stream, which primarily consisted of carbohydrates in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose, could be converted by various pretreatment methods into monosaccharides for fumaric acid production. 

Zhang GD, Zhao Q, Jiao Y, Wang K, Lee DJ, Ren N. Biocathode microbial fuel cell for efficient electricity recovery from dairy manure. Biosens Bioelectron 2012 31(l) 537-543. 

A limited number of studies addressing effects of AD treatment on N2O emissions have been reported. Amon et al. [7] indicated that AD is an effective way to reduce GHG emissions from dairy manure slurries, as AD-treated dairy manure emitted 28 % less N2O than raw manure after field application. 

Jeyanavagam SS, Collins ER Jr, Eldridge R (1984) Weed seed survival in dairy manure anaerobic digester. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng 27 1518-1523... 

El-Mashad HM, Zhang R (2010) Biogas production from co-digestion of dairy manure and food waste. Bioresour Technol 101 4021-4028... 

Wilkie AC, Castro HF, CubisnM KR, Owens JM, Yan SC (2004) Fixed-film anaerobic digestion of flushed dairy manure after primary treatment wastewater production and characterisation. Biosyst Eng 89 457 71... 

Dairy manure R. oryzae Stirred tank 31.0 0.322 0.31 liao et al. (2008)... 

Medium solid content feedstocks (eg, dairy manure, scraped swine manure, municipal or food industries sludge) ... 

Ye, Y.L., ZamaUoa, C., Lin, H.J., Yan, M., Schmidt, D., Hu, B., 2015. Evaluation of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure with food wastes via bio-methane potential assay and CSTR reactor. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B — Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes 50 (3), 217—227. 

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