Manure , anaerobic digestion

Jeyanavagam SS, Collins ER Jr, Eldridge R (1984) Weed seed survival in dairy manure anaerobic digester. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng 27 1518-1523... 

Juarez-Rodriguez et al. applied the sludge derived from anaerobically digested cow manure in the production of biogas (methane-air), to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated in a nutrient-low, alkaline-saline soil with EC 9.4 dS m 1 and pH of 9.3. The results showed that the C02... 

Juarez-Rodriguez J, Fernandez-Luqueno F, Conde E, Reyes-Varela V, Cervantes-San-tiago F, Botello-Alvarez E, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from an alkaline saline soil cultivated with maize (Zea mays L.) and amended with anaerobically digested cow manure a greenhouse experiment. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2012 35(4) 511-523. DOI 10.1080/01904167.2012.644371... 

Combalbert S, Capdeville MC, Motte JC, Bellet V, Balaguer P, Dabert P, Beline F, Budzinski H, Bemet N, Hemandez-Raquet G (2012) Estrogens and antibiotics elimination during swine manure treatment by anaerobic digestion coupled to aerobic process. Bioresour Technol (submitted)... 

Microalgae and oilseed crops can provide diesel fuel. The use of these alcohol fuels can reduce air pollution. Methane made from anaerobically digested manure was used to light streets in England as early as 1895. Anaerobic digestion is also used to produce fertilizers. 

On the other hand there is sometimes the risk that odour reduction increases the volatilization of ammonia. This can be the case with under cage diying of poultry manure or with anaerobic digestion of liquid manure. 

WELSH, F.W., SCHULTE, D.D., KROEKER, E.J. LAPP, H.M. (1977). The effect of anaerobic digestion upon swine manure odours. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 19, 122-126. 

Anaerobic digestion develop cheap simple systems, to operate more reliably with improved gas yields. To develop better methods of utilisation of both the biogas and treated manure while maintaining odour control. 

Anaerobic digestion yields of the slurries are given in Table 2.5. Due to the higher proportion of lipids in manure, the methane production is higher than in wheat straw. The total amounts of lipid and protein, in particular, are lower in straw than in manure and thus the theoretical methane yield is significantly lower in wheat straw than in manure (Table 2.5). The average methane yields of manure and wheat straw were 14.7% and 10.4% of volatile solids, respectively (Demirbas and Ozturk, 2004). 

Three major system components which need to be examined when assessing the technical feasibility of using anaerobic digestion to produce methane gas from animal manure include i) manure handling ii) biological process stability and iii) biogas handling. 

Manure Handling. The physical characteristics of manure are such that manure handling systems are difficult to engineer with any degree of precision. Proven manure-handling systems will need to be integrated with anaerobic digestion systems if they are to be accepted by a livestock enterprise operator. 

Total Solids. The optimum total solids present in an anaerobic digester should normally range from 7 to 9 percent. Animal manure contains from 10 to 25 percent dry solids and may require dilution prior to loading into an anaerobic digester. 

Anaerobic Digestion Upon Swine Manure Odours. Pp. 122 -126. 

Department of Health, Albany, N.Y. (1966). Studies on Chicken Manure Disposal. II Anaerobic Digestion, Research Report No. 12. Pp. 65 - 112. 

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