Estrogenic steroids

In the following decades, chemists tried to utilize more and more the knowledge on reactions which had already been gained. A number of landmark syntheses represent the change to modern chemistry, such as the synthesis of the estrogenic steroid equilenin (W. Bachmann, 1939), of pyridoxine (K. Folkers, 1939), and of quinine (R.B. Woodward, W. von E. Doering, 1944) [23]. 

In this way, although ERs participate in all cases and in all cells capable of responding to estrogens, the nature and intensity of the response is conditioned by the receptor interaction with three different types of molecules estrogen (steroid or not), DNA (through the HRE sequences), and the protein-protein interactions, including cofactors of transcription as well as elements of the signaling pathway from membrane receptors. 

Paradise K, Zhang J, Steinbach JH (2001) The C-terminus of the human nicotinic a4 32 receptor forms a binding site required for potentiation by an estrogenic steroid, J Neurosci 21 6561-6568... 

The biologically inactive estrone sulfate (EIS) and dehydro-epiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating estrogenic precursors in the plasma of post-menopausal women [103]. Desulfation of inactive steroid-3-0-sulfates by estrone-sulfatase (STS) plays a key role in the regulation of levels of receptor-active estrogenic steroids (estradiol and androstenediol) in breast cancer cells (Fig. 9). There is strong evidence suggesting that estrone sulfatase (STS) and DHEA-sulfatase are the same enzyme [103]. 

Alder P., T. Steger-Hartmann, and W. Kalbfus (2001). Disinfection of natural and synthetic estrogen estrogenic steroid hormones in water samples from Southern and Middle Germany. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 29 227-241. 

Fig. (26). Structures of an imaginary compound (103) that built up with estrogenic steroids (104 - 100) having higher binding affinities than that of 17p-estradiol (92).

Estrogen therapy Estrogens, nonsteroidal Estrogens, steroidal Ethylene oxide... 

Estrogens (steroids) Ovaries Breast, uterus, other Female sexual development and... 

Zuo Y, Zhang K, Lin Y (2007) Microwave-accelerated derivatization for the simultaneous gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of natural and synthetic estrogenic steroids. J Chromatogr A 1148 211-218... 

Estrogens, steroidal Ethylene oxide Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus... 

As shown in Figure 23-1.3. there arc three structural classes of estrogens steroidal cstrogeas. dicthylstilbestrol and derivatives. and phytoestrogens. (Each class is summarized in the sections that follow.) The steroidal estrogens include the naturally occurring estrogens found in humans and other mammas, as well as semisynthetic derivatives of these com-... 

The adrenal cortex also secretes small quantities of the estrogenic steroids (Cis steroids)." However, 17P-estradiol and estrone are largely derived from the gonads and from peripheral conversion of testosterone and androstenedione by the aromatase enzyme located in other tissues, such as fat and the liver. 

Fluorocyclohexa-2,5-dienone derivatives were obtained in high yield by reaction of para-substituted phenols with l-fluoro-4-chloromethyl-l,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (Selectfluor F-TEDA-BF4) or its 4-hydroxy analogue (Accufluor NFTh) in acetonitrile (equation 98). Estrogen steroids were readily converted to /1-fluoro-l,4-estradien-3-one derivatives in high yields using this method (equation 99) °. 

Estradiol 17-P-Estradiol an estrogen steroid hormone that is synthesized in the granulose cells of the ovary and secreted in response to binding of FSH released from the anterior pituitary. 

B. First-order elimination at high therapeutic doses G. Enhances the effects of estrogenic steroids... 

FIGURE 12.1 Biosynthesis of estrogens. Abbreviations DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone El, estrone E2, estradiol T, testosterone DHT, dihydrotestosterone. Letrozole is an aroma-tase inhibitor, Finasteride is a 5a-reductase inhibitor. Androstane-3p,17P-diol (SPO) is an estrogenic steroid and its synthesis is blocked by 5a-reductase inhibitor, but not affected by aromatase inhibitor."... 

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