Overall average

For mixtures of the same chemical family, errors average less than 3 percent, while errors overall average 5-6 percent, with errors of mixed families averaging from 10-15 percent. 

Without air conditioning With air conditioning Total overall average ... 

The totals provide the ranges for the tvpe of building involved and are useful when individual service requirements are not known. Note that the overall averages are not the sum of the individual columns. 

Panel Coils Immersed in Liquid Overall Average Heat-Transfer Coefficients ... 

After actual theoretical trays are determined (see Actual reflux and theoretical stages) one needs to estimate the actual physical number of trays required in the distillation column. This is usually done by dividing the actual theoretical trays by the overall average fractional tray efficiency. Then a few extra trays are normally added for offload conditions, such as a change in feed composition. 

An example of liquid/liquid mixing is emulsion polymerization, where droplet size can be the most important parameter influencing product quality. Particle size is determined by impeller tip speed. If coalescence is prevented and the system stability is satisfactory, this will determine the ultimate particle size. However, if the dispersion being produced in the mixer is used as an intermediate step to carry out a liquid/liquid extraction and the emulsion must be settled out again, a dynamic dispersion is produced. Maximum shear stress by the impeller then determines the average shear rate and the overall average particle size in the mixer. 

Step 7, Calculate the polytropic head for each section, using the overall average compressibility of Z2avg = -97. 

This equation can be used to shorten the design by carefully selecting the overall average values. If specific data is not available. Fair recommends using the guidelines in Table 10-28. 

The previously established circulation rate is used, but the exchanger dimensions must be checked for heat transfer. Obtain additional overall average values ... 

A ppm Cl added on dry gas basis. overall average conversion was 98.5% during this period hot spot remained at the 69% level. 

After phase separation, two sets of equations such as those in Table A-1 describe the polymerization but now the interphase transport terms I, must be included which couples the two sets of equations. We assume that an equilibrium partitioning of the monomers is always maintained. Under these conditions, it is possible, following some work of Kilkson (17) on a simpler interfacial nylon polymerization, to express the transfer rates I in terms of the monomer partition coefficients, and the iJolume fraction X. We assume that no interphase transport of any polymer occurs. Thus, from this coupled set of eighteen equations, we can compute the overall conversions in each phase vs. time. We can then go back to the statistical derived equations in Table 1 and predict the average values of the distribution. The overall average values are the sums of those in each phase. 

For the case of a three-phase problem, where the solute is accessible to the a, (3, and y phases, Whitaker [427] finds the overall average phase concentration for the case of local mass equilibrium given by... 

Priorities do not influence the overall average delay, because w = avv, + (1 - a)vi72, vvhere a is the fraction of samples with a high priority. The values of vv, andvv2 depend on a, the kind of priority (see Table 40.2) and p [10]. 

HPLC determination can be carried out for most of the neonicotinoids. The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the various crops by the HPLC/PDA method were 88-94% at a fortification level of 0.25 mg and 96-99% at a fortification level of 0.05 mg kg . The overall average recovery for 30 samples was 95% with an RSD of 4.7%.12... 

Fig. 7.2. Numerical estimates of the overall average elastic constants. The error-bars were calculated as cr-N°5, where N is the number of individual estimates for each of the two overall elastic constants obtained with a given number of spheres in the unit cell and a is the standard deviation. The two horizontal dashed lines drawn through the averages obtained with 64 spheres are meant to facilitate the convergence analysis...

Management service and separate fee charged 2000 Digest overall averages (%)... 

An adequate measurement of the climate at a site requires the longest available record and should contain a minimum of 20 years of data. The importance of long records can be illustrated by the annual precipitation from Coshocton, Ohio While the 35-year average annual precipitation is 37 in., one 5-year period averaged 88% of the overall average (32.6 in.) and another averaged 115% (42.6 in.). Clearly, a short record may not accurately describe the climate at a site and should not be used for design.14... 

Values for G(unknown) were experimentally determined by using the previously calibrated cells, and these data were used to calculate values for D(unknown) using the cell constants. The overall average value of D(unknown) was 1.11 x 1(T5, which compares well with a reported value of 1.1 X 10 5. The coefficient of variation associated with the diffusion coefficient was 2.7% for one cell and 1.7% for a second cell. This calibration procedure thus provided information about the accuracy and precision of the method as well as the effect of temperature and concentration on the determination of the diffusion coefficient. 

The velocity field in turbulent flow can be described by a local mean (or time-average) velocity, upon which is superimposed a time-dependent fluctuating component or eddy. Even in one-dimensional flow, in which the overall average velocity has only one directional component (as illustrated in Fig. 6-3), the turbulent eddies have a three-dimensional structure. Thus, for the flow illustrated in Fig. 6-3, the local velocity components are... 

It is now common to use Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC) as the criterion for choice of a processing oil. The VGC represents the overall average aromaticity of an oil independent of its molecular weight. 

Elder [355] determined PCBs in Mediterranean coastal waters by adsorption onto X AD-2 resin followed by electron capture gas chromatography. The overall average PCB concentration was 13 ng/1. 

The overall average values and coefficients of variations for model... 

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