Cytotoxicity of silver

Leirskar J. 1974. On the mechanism of cytotoxicity of silver and copper amalgams in a cell culture system. Scand J Dent Res 82 74-81. 

Singh RP, Ramarao P (2012) Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 213(2) 249-259... 

Brown TA, Smith DG (1976) The effects of silver nitrate on the growth and ultrastructure of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus. Microbios Lett 3 155-162 Burd A, Kwok CH, Hung SC, Chan HS, Gu H, Lam WK, Huang L (2007) A comparative study of the cytotoxicity of silver-based dressings in monolayer cell, tissue explant, and animal models. Wound Repair Regen 15 94—104... 

Monteiro DCF, Phillips RM, Crossley BD, FieldenJ, Willans CE. Enhanced cytotoxicity of silver complexes bearing bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene hgands. Dalton Trans. 2012 41 3720-3725. 

The recent identification of the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles towards a spermatogonial stem cell tine has aroused great concern over the biosafety of nanomaterials [107]. As discussed previously, the liver appears to be an eventual accumulation site for circulatory silver nanoparticles, and similar patterns of cytotoxicity for silver nanoparticles (decreased mitochondrial function, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and abnormal cell morphologies) were observed in vitro. Nonetheless, during other experiments using nanosilver, a variety of... 

Poon, V.K. and Burd, A. (2004) In vitro cytotoxicity of silver implication for dinical wound care. Bums, 30,140-7. 

Evidence of the Efficacy and Lack of Cytotoxicity of 10 PPM Silver, 14 PPM Silver+1.5% H202, and 22 PPM Silver in Inhibiting DNA Polymerase and Reverse Transcriptase in the Context of Hepatitis B... 

The purpose of the example is to illustrate the efficacy of silver compositions of the present invention against hepatitis B. This example shows that silver compositions of the present invention have antiviral properties. Any agent used in antiviral therapy should exhibit little or no cytotoxicity so cytotoxicity of the silver compositions was analyzed. 

Krishnaraj, C., Muthukumaran, P., Ramachandran, R., Balakumaran, M.D., Kalaichelvan, P.T., 2014. Acalypha indica Linn biogenic synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB-231, human breast cancer cells. Biotechnol. Rep. 4, 42—49. 

The results of the determination of cytotoxicity of PSU and its composites (PSU/Ag) for human osteoblasts and human fibroblasts by the LDH test are compiled in Table 3. For the composites with the polysulfone matrix with the highest content of nano-silver, the cytotoxicity of non-diluted extracts did not exceed 3% after 24 h and 7% after 48 h of their incubation with osteoblasts. In the case of diluted extracts, the values did not exceed 5% and 8%, after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Pure PSU demonstrated no cytotoxic effect, which is verified by the literature data on its biocompatibility. In the case of fibroblasts, the LDH test, similarly to the MTT test, showed a higher cytotoxicity of the examined materials. 

The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles depends on the applied cell line. The same type of nanomaterial can have a different cytotoxic effect for different cell lines. The size of the nanoparticles influences not only the cytotoxicity of the material, but also the possibility of the particles penetration inside the cell. The smaller the nanopaiticle can easier and faster to penetrate into the cell (nucleus) and determine the lower cytotoxicity. Both the antibacterial and the cytotoxic properties of nanosilver depend on the amount, size and shape of the applied nanoparticles and the amount of the released silver ions. 

Antibacterial activity, inflammatory response, coagulation and cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 8 328-336... 

Bae E, Park HI, Lee J, Kim Y, Yoon J, Park K, Choi K, Yi J (2010) Bacterial cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticle related to physicochemical metrics and agglomeration properties. Environ Toxicol Chem 29 2154-2160... 

Gaiser BK, Eemandes TE, Jepson MA et al (2012) Interspecies comparisons on the uptake and toxicity of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Chem 31(1) 144—154 Hackenberg S, Scherzed A, Technau A et al (2011) Cytotoxic, genotoxic and juo-inflammatory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in human nasal mucosa cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro... 

Alt, V., Bechert, T., Steinrucke, R, Wagener, M., Seidel, R, Dingeldein, E., Domann, E., Schnetder, R., 2004. An in vitro assessment of the antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of nanoparticulate silver bone cement. Biomaterials 25, 4383-4391. 

The mechanism of Ag(I) cytotoxicity is unknown. Cell wall damage may be important and it has been shown that Cys-150 in the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase, an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of Candida albicans cell walls, is the Ag(I) target in this organism (330). Silver resistant bacteria are known, but only recently has significant progress been made in understanding the resistance mechanisms (637). 

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