Cytomegalovirus infection, prevention

Yeager AS, Grumet FC, Hafleigh EB, Arvui AM, Bradley JS, Prober CG. Prevention of transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infections in newborn infants. J Pediatr 1981 98(2) 281-7. 

Bowden RA, Slichter SJ, Sayers MH, Mori M, Cays MJ, Meyers JD. Use of leukocyte-depleted platelets and cytomegalovirus-seronegative red blood cells for prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection after marrow transplant. Blood 1991 78(l) 246-50. 

Eisenfeld L, Silver H, McLaughlin J, Klevjer-Anderson P, Mayo D, Anderson J, Herson V, Krause P, Savidakis J, Lazar A, et al. Prevention of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection in neonatal patients by the removal of white cells from blood. Transfusion 1992 32(3) 205-9. 

Meyers JD, Reed EC, Shepp DH, et al. Acyclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1988 318 70-75. 

Pamphilon D, Rider J, Barbara J et al. (1999). Prevention of transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus infection. Transfusion Med, 9, 115-123. 

Antiviral drugp interfere with viral reproduction by altering DNA synthesis. These drug are used in the treatment of herpes simplex infections of the eye, treatment in immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, and for the prevention of CMV retinitis in patients undergoing transplant. 

Valganciclovir Valcyte Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV] retinitis in immunocompromised patients also used to prevent CMV infection after organ transplants... 

In contrast to antibacterial antibiotic therapy, inhibition of viral replication is usually difficult to achieve. Therefore preventive strategies, such as vaccination, are frequendy more successful and clinically important. However, vaccines are not available for all viruses furthermore, some viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), are ubiquitously present and usually not very pathogenic unless in an immunocompromised host. One strategy to combat viral infecdons in the immunocompromised host is the application of neutralizing mAbs. One such mAh is directed to the F protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which afflicts premature newborns with often severe pulmonary infections this mAh appears to be useful in such situations (91). Other mAbs to viral antigens are in development. 

Pujol et al. in chapter eight, reviews the chemistry, origin and antiviral activities of naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharides for the prevention and control of viral infections such as HIV-1 and -2, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), dengue virus (DENV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A virus. 

LF has been demonstrated to inhibit in vitro the multiplication of different viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus, HIV, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, influenza virus, human hepatitis C virus and human poliovirus type 1 (Vorland, 1999). Also, LF has been shown to prevent rotavirus infection in the human enterocyte-like cell-line HT-29 (Superti et al., 1997). It is speculated that LF prevents the binding of viruses to the host cells by... 

Razonable RR, Paya CV. Valganciclovir for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in immunocompromised hosts. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther 2004 2 27M2. 

In a study of graft-versus-host disease prevention strategies in patients after bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia, a significantly higher proportion of alem-tuzumab-treated patients developed cytomegalovirus reactivation compared with control patients [139 ]. Prophylaxis with aciclovir has been recommended [143 ]. Asymptomatic laboratory positive cytomegalovirus viremia should not necessarily be considered a serious infection requiring interruption of therapy. 

Other experiments with herpesviruses have lent only limited support to the theory that ionic imbalance causes selective shut-off of cellular protein synthesis after infection. A differential sensitivity to hypertonic medium has been reported in cells infected with human or murine cytomegaloviruses which cause only a very slow decline late in infection (Gupta and Rapp, 1978 Chantler, 1978), but in HSV-2-infected cells (Fenwick and Walker, 1978) and PRV-infected cells (Stevely and McGrath, 1978) viral protein synthesis was as susceptible as protein synthesis in uninfected cells to increased concentrations of NaCl. No differences have been found between the concentrations of ions needed for optimal translation in vitro of viral (HSV-1 or PRV) and cellular mRNAs, respectively (Inglis and Newton, 1981 McGrath and Stevely, 1980). Attempts to prevent the early shut-off of protein synthesis by HSV-2 by reducing the Na or Ca concentration in the medium were not successful (Fenwick and Walker, 1978), but these experiments were done at times which probably preceded the permeability changes described by Benedetto et al. (1980). 

Syndman DR. Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulins in the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus disease. Rev Infect Dis 1990 12(suppl 7) 5839-5848. 

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