Infections rotavirus

Viruses are the most common cause of diarrheal illness in the world. A live, oral vaccine is licensed and recommended for use in infants for the prevention of rotavirus infection. 

Gianino, P., Mastretta, E., Longo, P., Laccisaglia, A., Sartore, M., Russo, R., and Mazzaccara, A. (2002). Incidence of nosocomial rotavirus infections, symptomatic and asymptomatic, in breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants. /. Hosp. Infect. 50,13-17. 

Song, M. J., and D. H. Kim. Inhibitory effect of herbal medicines on rotavirus infection. Korean J Pharmacog 1998 292) 125-128. 

Tormentil root extract, a European herb for rotavirus infection... 

Dzyublik I, Shun ko E, Barbova A (1997) Use of Enterosgel for treatment of rotavirus infections in newborns. In Biosorption methods and preparations in prophylactic and therapeutic practice, First Conference, Kyiv (In Ukrainian), pp 17-18... 

LF has been demonstrated to inhibit in vitro the multiplication of different viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus, HIV, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, influenza virus, human hepatitis C virus and human poliovirus type 1 (Vorland, 1999). Also, LF has been shown to prevent rotavirus infection in the human enterocyte-like cell-line HT-29 (Superti et al., 1997). It is speculated that LF prevents the binding of viruses to the host cells by... 

Apart from animal studies, a large number of clinical studies have been carried out since the 1970s to demonstrate the efficacy of immune milk preparations in the prophylaxis or therapy of human GI diseases. These studies have been reviewed in several articles (Facon et al., 1993 Hammarstrom et al., 1994 Ruiz, 1994 Davidson, 1996 Weiner et al., 1999 Korhonen et al., 2000b Lilius and Mamila, 2001). Examples of immune milk trials carried out in humans are described in Table II. Clinical evidence obtained in most of these studies indicates that immune milk preparations are protective and, to some extent, also therapeutic against rotavirus infections in children (Ebina et al, 1985 Davidson et al., 1989 Mitra et al, 1995 Sarker et al, 1998). A protective or therapeutic effect of immune milk has also been demonstrated in humans against... 

Ebina, T., Sato, A., Umezu, K., Ishida, N., Ohyama, S., Oizumi, A., Aikawa, K., Katagiri, S., Katsushima, N., Imai, A., Kitaoka, S., Suzuki, H., and Konno, T. 1985. Prevention of rotavirus infection by oral administration of colostrum containing antihumanrotavirus antibody. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 174, 177—185. 

Superti, F., Ammendolia, M.G., Valenti, P., and Seganti, L. 1997. Antirotaviral activity of milk proteins lactoferrin prevents rotavirus infection in the enterocyte-like cell line HT-29. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 186, 83-91. 

When substantial carbohydrate maldigestion occurs in infants, it can lead to diarrhea. This is most often seen when the infant has experienced some other insult that has damaged the small intestine enterocytes, producing a secondary hypolactasia.This is more so when the infant has a rotavirus infection, and rotavirus is the most important cause of gastroenteritis in infancy. Rotavirus infects only mature enterocytes,... 

Boshuizen JA, Reimerink JH, Korteland-van Make AM, et al. Changes in small intestinal homeostasis, morphology, and gene expression during rotavirus infection of infant mice. J Virol 77 13005-13016, 2003. 

Ahmed F, Jones DB, and Jackson AA (1990) The interaction of vitamin A deficiency and rotavirus infection in the mouse. British Journal of Nutrition 63,363-73. 

Aponte, C., Poncet, D., and Cohen, J. (1996). Recovery and characterization of a replicase complex in rotavirus-infected cells by using a monoclonal antibody against NSP2./. Virol. 70, 985-991. 

Live rotavirus vaccine was developed for oral delivery to prevent infections by the virus in young children. However, incorporation of live rotavirus into poly (oL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres or alginate microcapsules was reported to result in a significant loss of rotavirus infectivity. The loss was reduced by stabilization of the rotavirus vaccine with an excipient blend of cellulose, starch, sucrose, and gelatin at a mass ratio of 30 30 30 10 in granules or tablets. ... 

The rotavirus incubation period is less than 48 hours. Clinical manifestations of rotavirus infections vary from asymptomatic (which is common in adults) to severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea with dehydration. The first infection tends to be the most severe. Symptoms are... 

The first vaccine (RotaShield) to prevent rotavirus infection was licensed for use in the United States in 1998, but it was withdrawn from the market after 1.5 million doses were administered owing to an increased rate of idiopathic intussusception. A number of rotavirus vaccines are under development, but the one that shows early promise is the rotavirus oral vaccine (Rotateq, Merck). This is a reassortant pentavalent vaccine with a backbone of bovine rotavirus and surface proteins of virus strains representing G types (G1-G4) and PI A. The preliminary results from the trial of 1946 healthy infants (aged 2 to 8 months) showed a level of protection of approximately 75%. ... 

A WHO expert group has reported its view that post-marketing surveillance of both currently available rotavirus vaccines has detected a small increased risk of intussusception (about 1-2/100000 infants vaccinated) in some settings shortly after the first dose [2 ]. The risk is 5-10 times lower than that observed with the previously licensed vaccine, RotaShield, and the benefits of rotavirus immunization against severe diarrhea and death from rotavirus infection far exceed the risk of intussusception. After reviewing the... 

Superti F, Donelli G (1991) Gangliosides as binding sites in SA-11 rotavirus infection of LLC-MK2 cells. J Gen Virol 72 2467-2474... 

An T, Huang RQ, Yang Z et al (2001) Alkaloids from Cynanchum komamvii with inhibitory activity against the tobacco mosaic virus. Phytochemistry 58 1267-1269 Andres A, Donovan SM, Kuhlenschmidt TB et al (2007) Isoflavones at concentrations present in soy infant formula inhibit rotavirus infection in vitro. 1 Nutr 137 2068-2073 Andres A, Donovan SM, Kuhlenschmidt MS (2009) Soy isoflavones and virus infections. J Nutr Biochem 20 563-569... 

Epidemiological smdies have indicated that viral infections are the most common cause of acute disease that does not require hospitalisation in developed countries, the most common being upper respiratory tract infections. In contrast, viral infections such as measles, mumps, mbella and rotavirus infections, which cause diarrhoea, are important causes of infant mortality, whilst the viral infection HIV remains a major cause of adult mortality and morbidity in devdoping countries. Host cdls that allow viral replication are termed permissive. The production of infective progeny usually results in host cdl death. For this reason, the infections are termed cytocidal (or cytolytic). 

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