Cytokin-interleukin

Hormones, cytokines, interleukins, and growth factors use a variety of signaling mechanisms to facilitate cellular adaptive responses. 

Evidence for a neuroimmunological involvement in Alzheimer s disease is accumulating. Activation of the complement cascade by beta amyloid (Rogers et al., 1992), the recruitment, proliferation and activation of microglia in intimate juxtaposition to the senile plaques (Davis et al., 1992), and the increased synthesis of microglia-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (Griffin et al., 1989) is indicative of a chronic inflam-... 

The purported prophylactic use of Japanese herbal medicines to combat neuronal ageing has been related to their free-radical scavenging activity (Hiramatsu a al., 1992). Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory effects of cytokine interleukin-1 by recombinant endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in experimental rats is associated with alleviation of excitotoxic neuronal damage, an action which has also been related to the antiinflammatory effect of lipocortin 1 (Relton and Roth well, 1992). 

Koch AE, Kunkel SL, Pearce WH, et al. Enhanced production of the chemotactic cytokines interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Pathol 1993 142(5) 1423—1431. 

Rezaie-Majd A, Maca T, Bucek RA, et al. Simvastatin reduces expression of cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2002 22(7) 1194-1199. 

The ability of natural products to inhibition of topoisomerase and precipitate apoptosis mentioned in this chapter are two abilities among several others, of which inhibition of microtubule formation, inhibition of DNA polymerase, protein kinases, protein phosphatase and aromatase, and the use of cytokines, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor and yet uncovered cellular targets. 

Marietta, E.V., Chen, Y. and Weis, J.H. (1996) Modulation of expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-13 and interleukin-10 by interleukin-3. European Journal of Immunology 26, 49-56. 

Based upon recent controlled studies, there is considerable evidence that opioids such as morphine induce substantial effects on immune status. For example, it has been shown that morphine administration is associated with alterations in a number of immune parameters, such as natural-killer cell activity [12,13], proliferation of lymphocytes, [13, 14] antibody production [15,16], and the production of interferon [17]. Studies in our laboratory have shown that acute morphine treatment in rats suppresses splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to both T- and B-cell mitogens, splenic natural-killer cell activity, blood lymphocyte mitogenic responsiveness to T-cell mitogens, and the in vitro production of the cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-y [18-22], Furthermore, the immune alterations induced by morphine are dose-dependent and antagonized by the opioid-receptor antagonist, naltrexone (e.g., [22]). 

A study investigating the consequences of diesel exhaust particles in human airway epithelial cells also concluded that any effects of these particles occurred after their endocytosis. However, organic components rather than the metals on the surface of the particles were considered to be responsible for subsequent events. Thus, treatment with the iron chelator desferrioxamine had no inhibitory effect on the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8,... 

Page, C., P. Dawson, D. Woollacott, R. Thorpe, and A. Mire-Sluis (2000). Development of a lyophilization formulation that preserves the biological activity of the platelet-inducing cytokine interleukin-11 at low concentrations. J Pharm Pharmacol 52(1) 19-26. 

Maggi E Abnormal production of T-helper 2 cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 by T cells from newborns with atopic parents. Eur J Immunol 1996 26 2293-2298. 33... 

The proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha) from macrophages are raised in depression. This leads to increased PGE2 synthesis and release which may lead to a reduction in central monoamine release. 

Cytokines, interleukines and growth factors interleukin fragments Therapeutic proteins produced by recombinant technology receptor binding fragments have been used as targeting moiety... 

Immunocytokines Antibody or antibody fragment Cytokine, interleukin or growth factor aEpCAM-IL-12 aHer2/weM-IL-12 RM4-TNFa RM4-IFNy [119] [120] [121] [122]... 

Cytotoxins Cytokine, interleukin, growth factor or the receptor binding domains of these proteins Toxin, toxic protein or apoptosis-inducing protein IL-2-DAB TGFa-PE40 IL-2-BAX bFGF-SAP bFGF-RNase [123] [124,125] [126] [127] [128]... 

Pharmacology Sirolimus, a macrolide immunosuppressive agent, inhibits both T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation that occurs in response to antigenic and cytokine (interleukin-2, -4, and -15) stimulation and also inhibits antibody production. In cells, sirolimus binds to the immunophilin, FK binding protein-12 (FKBP-12), to generate an immunosuppressive complex. 

Also when the cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) was used for cancer treatment, serious adverse effects were noted resulting in the so-called vascular leak syndrome (VLS) [98, 99]. VLS is a life-threatening toxicity marked by vasopermeability with hypotension induced during high dose IL-2 treatment of cancer patients [100]. VLS is caused by endothelial activation and can be induced in lungs and liver of mice by IL2 administration [99]. The mechanism of IL-2-induced VLS is still poorly understood and at present there is no specific therapy for VLS. For the investigation of these... 

---