Cutting-tool maintenance

An off-hand grinding machine is used with a workpiece or cutting tool held by hand and applied to the grinding wheel. Because of this, its use requires stringent safety precautions. 

The off-hand grinding machine is basically an electric motor having a spindle at each end, each carrying a grinding wheel, also referred to as an abrasive wheel. This arrangement allows a coarse wheel to be 

These machines may be mounted on a bench, when they are often referred to as bench grinders (Fig. 7.16), or on a floor-mounted pedestal and referred to as pedestal grinders. Bench grinders should be securely anchored to a stout bench and pedestal grinders should be heavily built and securely bolted on good foundations. 

A guard of adequate strength must be securely attached to the machine frame. The aim is to enclose the wheel to the greatest possible extent and keep the opening as small as possible. 

The guard has two main functions (1) to contain the wheel parts in the event of the wheel bursting  

A simple gauge as shown in Fig. 7.16(a) can be used as a guide to the correct point angle. Correct 

The machine should never be run without these guards in position. 

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This chapter examines the need for lubrication and the types of lubricant available. Various applications are considered, including engines gears, hydraulic equipment, machine tools, metal cutting and working fluids, compressors, turbines and electrical oils. The care of lubricants on-site, application of planned lubrication and inclusion within overall maintenance management are examined. 

After being set up for cutting material to a specified length, the power hacksaw will operate automatically without need for an operator until all the material loaded on the carriage has been cut. Horizontal band saws are one of the most widely used sawing machines for cutoff operations. These band saws range from small manually operated machines to large, fully automatic production machines. Vertical band saws are also used but are primarily manually controlled machines used in tool rooms and shops for maintenance and low production work. 

Software tool vendors will only further develop and improve their software products if there is either demand for new and improved functionality from their customers or if they can cut down development, maintenance, and deployment costs of their software products. The latter driving force is largely independent of customer requirements but determined by the advances in computer science and software technologies. 

WaddeU, H. L. (1952), Work Sampling—A New Tool to Help Cut Costs, Boost Productivity, Make Decisions, Factory Management and Maintenance, Vol. 110, No. 7, p. 83. 

The main obstacle to the widespread use of microfiuidics in conjunction with MS is related to the fabrication of such systems. It still requires a considerable effort and costly equipment. Implementation of microchips often necessitates expert knowledge about the device assembly, maintenance, and trouble-shooting. However, the rapidly expanding 3D printing tools, and open-source electronic modules, can cut the costs of fabrication and promote the use of microfiuidic devices in kinetic studies conducted with MS detectors. We anticipate that, in the near future, a microscale total analysis system (pTAS) combining microfiuidics and miniature mass spectrometers will become an omnipresent piece of the laboratory toolkit. 

The statistics indicate that the minor accidents leading to 0—3 days of absence are typically caused by materials, splinters and products (FAll 2014). A typical accident of this type is a minor eye accident, caused by a splinter or fragment released during material handling (e.g. welding). Other major injury causes involve hand tools, which may cause e.g. minor cuts and bruises. In general, accidents in maintenance operations can affect any body part, and the accidents may occur at any stage of disassembly and reassembly. 

A punching press similar to those used in the processing of rigid boards could be used for the blanking of flex circnits. Smaller tons are required to cut thin materials. Steel rule dies are the specialty for flex circuits (see Fig. 63.33). They can be prepared in a few days, and their costs are much smaller than those of hard tools. Their weight is also much smaller than that of hard tools and operators can manage them by hand. A typical cross section is shown in Fig. 63.33(a), a finished steel mle die is shown in Fig. 63.33(b), and some limitations on the configurations that can be used are illustrated in Fig. 63.33(c). Steel rule dies have less dimensional accnracy, lower productivity, and a shorter life than hard tools, and they need maintenance more frequently. 

Maintenance tasks should be conducted by means of recovery and repair mobile elements which are equipped with adequate procedures, tools and materials. Although the fundamental problem is that maintenance services during peacetime usually train and perform tasks as logistic forces and they use stationary maintenance infrastructure, but for the combat purpose they convert themselves into mobile maintenance elements such as recovery teams, evacuation-repair sections, evacuation teams, etc. (DD/4.2,2007). In addition to that, because of gradual spending cuts tactical exercises are being abandoned therefore, above mentioned elements are not executed and there is no opportunity for training and synchronization similar to real environment. 

Machines are used to cut, bore, transfer, haul, and load mined materials or materials used in mining. There are machines and tools for maintenance and repair. Each contains hazards of various kinds. This discussion will be Hmited to three major considerations with machines and tools energy and energy sources, machine actions and protecting people from them, and man-machine interfaces. 

These operations have to be carried out so as to minimize occupational dose rates, in the minimum time (setting up. actual cutting, cleaning up, packing up, maintenance, etc. ) and with the minimum production of technological and secondary wastes. The following criteria thus apply to the tools ... 

When What Recordkeeping Maintenance and repair Unspecified. The individual in responsible charge must inspect the area(s) where hot work (e.g., welding or cutting operations), use of spark-producing power tools, and chipping operations are conducted to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified. None required. 

As a safety professional, you must know and understand the hazards posed by power-driven tools, equipment, and machines in your company. Employees using the equipment have to be adequately trained, not only in how to use it properly, but also must be made aware of the consequences of taking short-cuts, disabling or removing guards, and not following standard policies and procedures such as locking out equipment prior to maintenance or repairs. 

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