Mast cell cromolyn sodium inhibition

Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium have beneficial effects that are believed to result from stabilization of mast cell membranes. They inhibit the response to allergen challenge as well as EIB but do not cause bronchodilation. 

Cromolyn sodium inhibits mast cell degranulation. As a result its main mode of action is to prevent mediator release and its subsequent clinical manifestations. There is no evidence of antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, or vasoconstrictive activity. Absorption is poor. 

The chromone cromolyn sodium (5-5) was at one time considered the forerunner of a novel class of antiallergic and antiasthmatic drugs that act at one of the earliest stages of the allergic reaction. Detailed experiments, acmally conducted after the dmg s clinical effectiveness had been confirmed, suggested that the compound inhibited the release of mediators of the allergic reaction from mast cells. The dmg is not very active when taken orally and is usually applied topically to the lung by insufflation as its sodium salt. Considerable efforts to uncover additional structurally related mediator release inhibitors have had only limited success. 

Cromolyn sodium (sodium cromoglycate) inhibits exocytosis of mast cells, thus blocking the release of histamine and leukotrienes. It is used mainly to prevent attacks (e.g. those triggered by exercise). 

Type I immune responses are inhibited by mast cell stabilizers. They play an important role, both historically and currently, in the treatment of various allergic eye diseases. Included in this group are cromolyn sodium, lodoxamide, nedocromil, and pemirolast (Table 13-6). 

Intractable cases ofVKC may be effectively treated with a combination of systemic aspirin and topical cromolyn sodium. Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase and the production of prostaglandins from mast cells in VKC Aspirin used in conjunction with the mast cell stabilizers results in improvement of both clinical signs and symptoms. 

Cromones. Cromolyn sodium was first available for use as a therapeutic agent in the United States in 1973. Administered as an aerosol, it is widely used for the prophylactic treatment of asthma, with the onset of activity manifesting after several weeks, and it causes few side effects. Nedocromil sodium possesses cromolyn-like activity [51] and is efficacious in the treatment of asthma when administered as an aerosol [52,53]. Despite a concerted research effort, the mechanism by which cromones exert their therapeutic activity remains enigmatic. Inhibition of mediator release from mast cells and a direct suppressive action on other inflammatory cells appear to be features of their clinical actions [54,55],... 

Even though various antileukotriene drugs have been synthesized, none has reached clinical acceptability. Inhibition of histamine release by an apparent mast cell stabilizing mechanism (in lung tissue, but probably not elsewhere) is achieved with the carboxy-chromone derivative cromolyn sodium. The mechanism is believed to involve inhibition of histamine release from pulmonary mast cells by blocking Ca2+ movement through membrane channels. 

Cromolyn Sodium (Nasalcrom) Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells. Prophylaxis of bronchial asthma seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Well tolerated. Local irritation, headache, unpleasant taste. 

Intranasal cromolyn sodium is thought to inhibit mast cell degranulation and prevent the allergic reaction leading to the manifestations of allergic rhinitis (54). Clinical studies show pretreatment with intranasal cromolyn sodium 4-7 days... 

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