Cranberries Vaccinium macrocarpon

Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Urinary tract infection (UTI) Large doses can produce gastrointestinal symptoms (je, diarrhea) None significant. 

Liberty, A. M. Hart, P. E. Neto, G. G. Ursolic Acid and Proanthocyanidins from Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Inhibit Colony Formation and Proliferation in HCT-116 and HT-29 Colon and MCF-7 Breast Tumor Cells. Proceedings of the 233rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 25-29, 2007. 

Vvedenskaya, I.O. et al.. Characterization of flavonols in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) powder, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 188, 2004. 

The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is larger than the European cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccous) but poorer in aroma. The European cranberry is a valuable raw material in the production of alcoholic drinks, liqueurs and jams in Scandinavia [35]. A few older studies report approximately 70 volatile compounds in cranberry [124, 125]. Cranberry aroma is characterised by several aromatic compounds, such as 1-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethanol,... 

Anjou and von Sydow (1967) reported that 0.2% of the essential oil of the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, consisted of isophorone they did not report the percentage of isophorone or the percentage of essential oil in whole cranberries. Without this information it is not possible to estimate the concentration of isophorone in whole cranberries and compare the concentration to other sources. However, frequent consumption of cranberry containing products is unlikely to represent significant intake of isophorone. Ingestion of isophorone from consumption of fish and shellfish cannot validly be estimated from the available data (see Table 5-2). 

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Uses T Appetite, treat D, dyspepsia, flatulence Action Stimulates gastric secretions, spasmolytic effects Available forms Tine 10-30 gtts PO OD Contra w/ PRG or lactation Notes/SE N/V, fatty liver tumors, allergic skin Rxns Interactions T Effects OF oral hypoglycemics EMS T Risk of photosensitivity Rxns may cause hypoglycemia Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Uses Prevention UTI urinary deodorizer in urinary incontinence Actions Interferes w/ bacterial adherence to epithelial cells of the bladder Available forms Caps 300-500 mg PO bid—qid unsweetened juice 8-16 oz daily tine 3-5 mL or tincture 1/2-1 tsp up to 3x/d, tea 2-3 tsps of dried flowers/cup creams apply topically 2-3X/d PO SE D, irritation, nephrolithiasis if T urinary Ca oxalate Interactions T Effects OF warfarin ... 

Xysmalobium undulatum Asciepiadaceae Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon... 

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a small evergreen shrub that grows in mountains, forests and damp bogs from Alaska to Tennessee. Native Americans introduced the Europeans to cranberry as a food, dye, and medicine (1). In the 1920s, canned cranberry sauce was introduced, and in the 1940s, cranberry juice became commercially available. Cranberry has been used to prevent and treat urinary tract infections since the 19th century (2). 

In addition, NCCAM plans to support a contract for the development and production of research grade cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) products and placebos for use in clinical studies. There is evidence from small clinical trials suggesting that cranberry may relieve symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) and may reduce the need for antibiotics in treating such infections (23). The products developed under the contract will be evaluated in basic and clinical research studies on the role of cranberry in the prevention and treatment of UTIs and other conditions for which there is credible evidence of efficacy. 

Blueberry, Billberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and Gooseberry (Ribes grossularia) with their fresh, sour, green, astringent flavour are now produced in larger quantities. 

The pigmentation of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon. Ait.) is attributed to die presence of six anthocyanins cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-... 

Croteau, R. Fogerson, I. Seed Lipids of the American Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon) , Phytochemistry, 1969,8,2219. 

GroBfriichtige Moosbeere cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon L. berry [41-42,48]... 

Kahlon, T. S., Smith, G. E. In vitro binding of bile acids by blueberries (Vaccinium spp ), plums (Prunus spp.), prunes (Prunus spp.), strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa), cherries (Malpighia punicifolia), cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and apples (Malus sylvestris). Food Chem. 100,3, 2007. 

The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait (Ericaceae)) was used by North-American Indians to fight urinary tract infections and other bacterial diseases. Proanthocyanidins, present in cranberries as oligomers of catechin and epicatechin, inhibit the docking of bacteria on tissues in vitro an anti-adhesive mechanism of cranberry-proanthocyanidins (Howell et al. 2001). The efficacy of cranberry juice and extracts as a prophylactic agent against recurrent urinary infections is well documented in women (Stothers 2002). The anti-adhesion effect of cranberry-proanthocyandins can also be applied for treatment of other common diseases of bacterial pathogenesis, e.g. Helicobacter py/on-associated gastritis and dental caries/periodontal disease (Nowack 2007). 

The finit of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) has been used for the amelioration of urinary tract infections for over 100 years. Women in Cape Cod were known to employ cranberry finit for dysurea. Many physicians have routinely recommended cranberry juice consumption to patients experiencing urinary tract infections. Women are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections. An estimated 11 million women in the United States experience a UTI, and many have chronic infections. There is considerable evidence to support the use of cranberries for the prevention of urinary tract infections 1,2). Bodel et al (3) in 1959 were among the first to report the antibacterial action of cranberry juice, attributing the effect to production of hippuric acid resulting in the acidification of the urine. Subsequent reports supported the use of cranberry juice for urinary tract infection (4 6). Reports also suggested the beneficial effect was due to the acidity (5-7). However, as experimental techniques improved over the years, the acidity theory was disproved and replaced by a new theory of bacterial anti-adhesion... 

Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) are potentially an excellent dietary source of phenolic confounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins and caffeic acid derivatives which are potent antioxidants. Studies also link a lowered incidence of breast cancer to cranberry juice consumption. In this study, cranberry fruits were fractionated by several methods and tested for radical-scavenging activity in an effort to begin establishing a link between chemical composition and antioxidant activity. The strongest activity was observed in flavonoid-rich extracts. Cytotoxicity assays in several tumor cell lines showed some specificity for HT-29 tumor cells and K562 cells from a methanolic cranberry extract containing several phenolic compounds. 

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