Lipids, seed

Polar lipids (PL) were the important radioactive component in lipid seeds on 3 WAA it represent 82% of total labelled fatty acids after one hour acetate incubation. In these case triacylglycerols (TAG) biosynthesis was slow and reached 13 % [fig. 3]. 

Most accounts of the larger A,p.,.o in carnivores have attributed this effect to higher proportion of lipids in the diet of carnivores. This arises because carnivores obtain all or most of their nutrition from the flesh of other animals, a significant part of which is composed of lipid. By contrast, lipids make up a much smaller fraction of the total carbon pool in the diet of herbivores, particularly mminants which get much of their energy from digestion of cellulose. Humans who selectively use seeds and grains as food sources obtain a... 

DAVIDSON M H, MAKI K C, KONG J C, DUGAN L D, TORRI S A, HALL H A, DRENNAN K B, ANDERSON s M, FULGONI V L, SALDANHA L G, OLSON B H (1998) Long-term effects of consuming foods containing psyllium seed husk on serum lipids on subjects with hypercholesterolemia , American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67, 367-76. 

YOSHIDA H, shigezaki J, TAKAGi s and KAJIMOTO G (1995) Variations in the composition of various acyl lipids, tocopherols and lignans in sesame seed oils roasted in a microwave oven , J Sci Food Agric, 68 (4) 407-16. 

Oleosomes — Also called oil bodies, oleosomes are the natural equivalents of liposomes. They are found in plant seeds or fruits, filled with oils, pigments, and vitamins, and serve as specific organelles to store lipid molecules. A protocol to... 

The food technologist may be especially interested in the fate of the carotenoids in the seed oil. Like red palm oil, the resulting carotenoid-pigmented canola oil may be more stable due to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids and may be more attractive to consumers. Alternatively, for food security concerns, transgenic soybean or canola oils and seed meals that are genetically modified for more efficient bio-diesel production may be bio-safety marked with lipid-soluble carotenoids and water-soluble anthocyanins, respectively. Potatoes are excellent potential sources of dietary carotenoids, and over-expression of CrtB in tubers led to the accumulation of P-carotene. Potatoes normally have low levels of leaf-type carotenoids, like canola cotyledons. 

After the extrachon of total lipids from four different genotypes of flax seed (Linum usitassimum) differing markedly in their acyl composihon, PTLC was used for the isolahon of different lipid classes in the neutral lipid frachon [69]. Application of planar chromatographic methods, including PTLC, in the separahon of food lipids has been reviewed with 40 references by Olsson [70]. The polar lipid fraction of niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) collected from different regions of Ethiopia could be separated by PTLC on silica gel [71]. 

It has, thus, been demonstrated that redirecting the poly(3HB) biosynthetic pathway from the cytoplasm to the plastid resulted in an approximate 100-fold increase in poly(3HB) production [24]. However, it must be kept in mind that the rate of poly(3HB) biosynthesis in A thaliana leaves was relatively low, since poly(3HB) accumulated progressively over 40-60 days to reach 10-14% of the dry weight, whereas synthesis of starch can reach 17% dry weight for a 12 h photoperiod and seed storage lipids can reach 8% dry weight per day. 

Only a few specific kinds of lipids can be identified on the basis of the characteristic features of the FA profile and the presence of specific biomarkers. For example, oils obtained from the seeds of Brassicaceae, such as rapeseed oil, are characterized by abundant amounts of uncommon FA such as gondoic (Z-11 -eicosenoic) acid and erucic (Z-13-docosenoic) acid and, after ageing their oxidation products. Other examples are reported in Table 7.2 and in Chapter 1. 

The analysis of paint samples represents a peculiar case, in which the identification of lipids is made virtually possible by the fact that the range of used materials is limited to drying oils (linseed, poppy seed, walnut, tung), egg yolk, and beeswax. Safflower oil (from... 

Fig. 6 TEM micrographs of seed coat and aleurone cells of radish control seed 18 h after sowing in water e, epidermis pi, pigment layer al, aleurone layer. (A) Bar = 30 pm Particulars of the aleurone cell showing some organelles nucleus (n), plasmodesmata (pd), protein bodies (pb) and lipid droplets (Id). (B, C). Bar = 5 mm. 

Ren Y, Waldron KW, Pacy JE and Ellis PR. 2001. Chemical and histochemical characterization of cell wall polysaccharides in almond seeds in relation to lipid bioavailability. In Pfannhauser W, Fenwick GR and Khokhar S, editors. Biologically Active Phytochemicals in Foods. Cambridge, UK Royal Soc Chem, pp. 448-452. 

Bernardo-Gil G, Oneto C, Antunes P, Rodrigues MF and Empis JM. 2001. Extraction of lipids from cherry seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide. EurFood Res Technol 212(2) 170—174. 

Taga MS, Miller EE and Pratt DE. 1984. Chia seeds as a source of natural lipid antioxidants. J Am Oil Chem Soc 61 (5) 928—931. 

Iodine-131-labeled Lipiodol, a polyiodinated poppy seed oil which becomes particulate on dispersion in aqueous media, has been used for some time in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by arterial injection. This targeting approach has been coupled with the superior radioactivity properties of rhenium radioisotopes by exploiting the lipid solubility of... 

Prepare microsomes from borage seeds, lipid extraction, and fatty acid analysis according to Galle et al. (31). Protocol adapted from ref. (31). 

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