Cow milk protein allergy

Camponeschi, B., Lucarelli, S., Frediani, T., Barbato, M., and Quinteri, F. 1997. Association HLA DQ7 antigen with cow milk protein allergy in Italian children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 8 106-109. 

El-Agamy, E.I. 2007. The challenge of cow milk protein allergy. Small Ruminant Res 68(l-2) 64—72. 

Many etiologies for protein-losing enteropathies (celiac disease, intestinal lymphangiectasis, allergic gastroenteritis, cow milk protein allergy, Crohn disease, cystic fibrosis, collagen vascular disease, short bowel, intestinal transplants and others) have been identified. 

Knippels, L.M.J., van der Kleij, H.P.M., Koppelman, S.J., Houben, G.F., Penninks, A.H., Felius, A.A., Comparison of antibody responses to hens egg and cows milk proteins in orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients. Allergy, 55, 251, 2000. 

Allergy to cow milk protein is frequent in infants aged 3 and below and it occurs in approximately 3% of them. The reason for the occurrence of symptoms is sometimes the lack of possibility to breastfeed an infant in the first 4 months of its life, and if an infant is breastfed, human milk may also cause allergy. As the mother applies... 

Calvani, M. Jr. and Alessandri, C. 1998. Anaphylaxis to sheep s milk cheese in a child unaffected by cow s milk protein allergy. EurJ Pediatr 157(1) 17—19. 

Because the symptoms of lactose intolerance are nonspecific, lactose intolerance needs to be differentiated from other common disorders causing diarrhea and abdominal pain or discomfort. These differential diagnoses include milk protein allergy, gastroenteritis, colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Allergy or sensitivity to one or more of cow s milk proteins characteristically occurs in formula-fed infants, and although no age is exempt, it is rare in the older... 

Infants with cow milk allergy should avoid cow milk proteins if a supplement is needed, use a documented hypoallergenic formula (in children > 1-2 years soy milk may be used as a substitute) (A)... 

Enfamil Nutramigen LIPIL, Enfamil Malabsorption, cow s milk protein allergy, chylothorax. 

Morikawa A, Kohno Y, Yamashiro Y, et al. (2002). Nutritional and immunological evaluation of ultrafiltrated extensively hydrolyzed casein formula in infants with cow s milk protein allergy. Jpn. J. Pediatr. Clin. Immunol, 16 103-114. 

Fremont S, KannyG, BieberS, Nicolas JP, Monerer-Vautrin DA (1996). Identification of a masked allergen, alpha-lactalbumin, in baby-food cereal flour guaranteed free of cow s milk protein. Allergy, 51 749-754. 

Stoger P, Wuthrich B (1993) Type I allergies to cow milk proteins in adults. A retrospective study of 34 adult milk-and cheese allergic patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol... 

Fontaine, J. L., and Navarro, J., 1975, Small intestinal biopsy in cow s milk protein allergy in infancy. Arch. Dis. Child. 50 357. 

Soy-based formulas were developed for infants perceived to be intolerant of cow-milk protein. The first soy formulas were commercially available in 1929 (Abt, 1965). These formulas were made with soy flour and were not well accepted by parents, who complained of loose, malodorous stools, diaper rash, and stained clothing. In the mid-1960s isolated soy protein was introduced into formulas. These formulas were much more like milk-based formulas in appearance and acceptance. However the preparation of isolated soy protein resulted in the elimination of most of the vitamin K in the soy, and a few cases of vitamin K deficiency were reported. The occurrence of nutrient deficiencies in infants fed milk-free formulas contributed to the development of federal regulations concerning the nutrient content of formulas (Fomon, 1993). Soy formulas now account for about 40 percent of formula sales in the United States. Some parents want to avoid cow-milk protein in the diet and thus wean directly to soy without any reported intolerance to cow-milk formulas. While formulas containing extensively hydrolyzed protein have long been available for infants with allergy to intact cow-milk protein, formulas with protein that is not as completely hydrolyzed have recently been introduced for normal-term infants. 

Exclusive breast feeding may prevent hypersensitivity to allergens during the first months of life when the infant s immune system is immature. Foreign protein is related to atopic diseases such as asthma, eczema and allergies such as cows milk protein intolerance. The mechanism is probably related to transient IgA deficiency due to immaturity of the body s immune system allowing intact protein to permeate the gut wall. There is no proof that any alternative to breast feeding, such as soya rather than cows milk formula, will prevent atopic disease. 

Vandenplas, Y, De Greef, E., and Devreker, T. (2014) Treatment of Cow s Milk Protein Allergy. Ped Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 17, 1-5. 

Host A, HaUcen S, Jacobsen HP, Estmann A, Mortensen S, Mygil S. The natural course of cow s milk protein allergy intolerance J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997 99 S491. 

Hidvegi, E., Cserhati, E., Kereki, E., Savilahti, E., and Arato, A. 2002. Serum immunoglobulin E, IgA, and IgG antibodies to different cow s milk proteins in children with cow s milk allergy Association with prognosis and clinical manifestations. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 13 255-261. 

Bernard, H., Creminon, C., Yvon, M., and Wal, J.M. 1998. Specificity of the human IgE response to the different purified caseins in allergy to cow s milk proteins. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 115(3) 235—244. 

Carroccio, A., Cavataio, F., Montalto, G., and D Amicio, A.L. 2000. Intolerance to hydro-lysated cow s milk proteins in infant Characteristics and dietary treatment. Clin Exp Allergy 18 1597-1603. 

Several authors report coexisting clinical soy allergies in 5%-50% of patients with cows milk allergies (NDA Opinion 2004). It is unclear whether soy allergy represents a de novo sensitization or a cross-reaction of a soy protein component with caseins from milk (Rozenfeld et al. 2002). However, due to homology in the amino acid sequences of soybean and cow s milk allergens of 50%-70%, cross-reactivity is likely (Wilson et al. 2005). 

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