Cow milk allergy

KLEMOLA T, VANTO T, JUNTUNEN-BACKMAN K, KALIMO K, KORPELA R and VARJONEN E (2002) Allergy to soy formula and to extensively hydrolyzed whey formula in infants with cows milk allergy a prospective, randomized study with a follow-up to the age of 2 yesas,. . 1 Pediatr. 140 (2) 219-24. 

Vila, L., Beyer, K., Jarvinen, K.M., Chatchatee, P., Bardina, L. and Sampson, H.A., Role of conformational and linear epitopes in the achievement of tolerance in cows milk allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 31, 1599, 2001. 

Hill, D. J., and Hosking, C. S. (1992). Patterns of clinical disease associated with cow milk allergy in childhood. Nutr. Res. 12, 109-121. 

M9. Matsumoto, T., Goto, Y., and Miike, T., Markedly high eosinophilia and an elevated serum IL-5 level in an infant with cow milk allergy. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 82, 253-256 (1999). 

Vanto, T., Juntunen-Backman, K., Kalimo, K. et al. 1999. The patch test, skin prick test, and serum milk-specific IgE as diagnostic tools in cows milk allergy in infants. Allergy 54 837-842. 

Consumption of soy is common in children and soy-based formulae were introduced in infant nutrition about 80 years ago. Since the 1970s, use of soy-based formulae became common, and in 1980s, U.S. consumption was around 25% of that of cows milk-based formulae (NDA Opinion 2004). Soy is often introduced into the diet from an early age, often as a standard milk formula in healthy children and in children with suspected or proven cows milk allergy as a hypoallergenic substitute. However, this practice is now discouraged since a significant number of children with cows ... 

Several authors report coexisting clinical soy allergies in 5%-50% of patients with cows milk allergies (NDA Opinion 2004). It is unclear whether soy allergy represents a de novo sensitization or a cross-reaction of a soy protein component with caseins from milk (Rozenfeld et al. 2002). However, due to homology in the amino acid sequences of soybean and cow s milk allergens of 50%-70%, cross-reactivity is likely (Wilson et al. 2005). 

Infants with cow milk allergy should avoid cow milk proteins if a supplement is needed, use a documented hypoallergenic formula (in children > 1-2 years soy milk may be used as a substitute) (A)... 

Sampson HA, Bernheisel-Broadbent J, Yang E, Scanlon SM (1991). Safety of casein hydrolysate formula in children with cow milk allergy. J. Pediatr., 118 520-525. 

Boso EB, Brestel EP (1987) Contact urticaria to cow milk. Allergy 42 151-153... 

These considerations continue today as manufacturers attempt to alter infant formulas to imitate human milk in either composition or performance and to address the nutritional needs of specific infant populations (e.g., those with cow-milk allergy, metabolic abnormalities, and prematurity) (Benson and Masor, 1994). This chapter is concerned with infant formulas that are being altered to mimic composition or performance of human milk it does not address the nutritional needs of specific infant populations. 

Juvonen P, Jakobsson 1, Lindberg T. 1990. Macromolecular absorption and cows milk allergy. Arch Dis Child 65 300-303. 

WILSON G (1999) Soy allergy in infants and children with IgE-associated cow s milk allergy. / Perfiarr. 134 (5) 614-22. 

Knippels, L.M.J., van der Kleij, H.P.M., Koppelman, S.J., Houben, G.F., Penninks, A.H., Felius, A.A., Comparison of antibody responses to hens egg and cows milk proteins in orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients. Allergy, 55, 251, 2000. 

K9. Kunstadter, R. H., and Schultz, A., Gastrointestinal allergy and the coeliac syndrome, with particular reference to allergy of cows milk. Ann. Allergy 11, 426-434 (1953). 

Food allergy is a syndrome that affects 3 to 6% of the population in various countries. In early childhood it occurs as a result of contact with new food components and excessive permeability of GI mucous membranes. As the immunological systems develops, in most cases symptoms recede or food tolerance occurs - usually at the age of three. Studies carried out on a population of Japanese children revealed that the earliest remission occurs in case of allergy to soy, followed by allergy to egg yolk, egg white, wheat, and cows milk (usually between the ages of two and three) (Ebisawa et al., 2003). 

Host, A., and Halken, S. (1990). A prospective study of cow s milk allergy in Danish infants during the first three years of life. Allergy 45, 587-596. 

Foucard, T. 1985. Development of food allergies with special reference to cow s milk allergy. Pediatrics 75, 177-181. 

Savilahti, E., Kuitunen, P. and Visakorpi, J. K. 1981. Cow s milk allergy. In Textbook of Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Infancy. E. Lebenthal (Editor). Raven Press, New York, pp. 689-708. 

Savilahti, E. and Verkasalo, M. 1984, Intestinal cow s milk allergy Pathogenesis and clinical presentation. Clin. Rev. Allergy 2, 7-23. 

Karlsson MR, Rugtveit J, Brandtzaeg P. 2004. Allergen responsive CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in children who have outgrown cow s milk allergy. J Exp Med. 12 1679-1688. 

Allergy to cow milk protein is frequent in infants aged 3 and below and it occurs in approximately 3% of them. The reason for the occurrence of symptoms is sometimes the lack of possibility to breastfeed an infant in the first 4 months of its life, and if an infant is breastfed, human milk may also cause allergy. As the mother applies... 

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