Natural course

A fundamental statutory prerequisite to patentabiHty is novelty. A lack of novelty occurs when each and every element of the invention, as it is claimed, is found in a single disclosure which occurs before the date of invention. Such a disclosure may occur in any of a number of forms. To be an adequate disclosure, it should be catalogued or inventoried as a book might be in a reference Hbrary and open to pubHc dissernination. The novelty requirement presents the inventor with an extensive Hst of "cans" and "caimots." Unfortunately, the natural course of research and development often leads to activities which are much more readily categorized as "caimots" than "cans." Ultimately these activities may even proscribe the issuance of a patent if an appHcation is not filed in a timely fashion. 

Simpson JK, Brockow K, Turner ML, et al Generalized erythematous macules and plaques associated with flushing, repeated syncope, and refractory anemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 46 588-590. Caplan RM The natural course of urticaria pigmentosa. Arch Dermatol 1963 87 146-157. 

The successful outcome in cholesterol management is to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides below the NCEP ATP III goals in an effort to alter the natural course of atherosclerosis and decrease future cardiovascular events. 

The pathophysiology of HL is defined by the presence of the RS cell in a grouping of lymph nodes. The RS cell is a large cell morphologically with a multinucleated structure with pronounced eosinophilic nucleoli.5 In the affected lymph nodes, the RS cells are contained in a reactive milieu of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, histiocytes, and plasma cells, which makes them difficult to distinguish from these background cells. The natural course of the disease, if left untreated, is less than a 5% probability of surviving 5 years. 

Zis AP, Grof P, Goodwin FK. The Natural Course of Affective Disorders Implications for Lithium Prophylaxis. Amsterdam Excerpta Medica 1979, 391-398. 

The first linkage between a microscope and an IR spectrophotometer was reported in 1949 [15]. Today, every manufacturer of IR spectrophotometers offers an optical/IR microscope sampling accessory. The use of optical and IR microscopy is a natural course of action for any solid state investigation. Optical microscopy provides significant information about a sample, such as its crystalline or amorphous nature, particle morphology, and size. Interfacing the microscope to an IR spectrophotometer ultimately provides unequivocal identification of one particular crystallite. Hence, we have the tremendous benefit of IR microscopy for the identification of particulate contamination in bulk or formulated drug products. 

In the nonpregnant female, therapy is controversial however, it appears that treatment has little effect on the natural course of infections. 

To replace the aforementioned acyl-main group and acyl-transition metal complexes, the natural course of events was to search for a stable and easy-to-handle acyl-metal complex that reacts as an unmasked acyl anion donor. Thus, the salient features of acylzirconocene chlorides as unmasked acyl anion donors remained to be explored. In the following, mostly carbon—carbon bond-forming reactions with carbon electrophiles using acylzirconocene chlorides as acyl group donors are described. 

With advancing age, the patient with essential hypertension progressively changes his hemodynamic pattern into one of normal cardiac output with increased peripheral arteriolar constriction and, finally, later in the natural course of the disease into one of lower cardiac output and further increase in peripheral vascular resistance ). 

Finally, the natural course of illness can help to distinguish BPAD from schizophrenia. Many patients with BPAD resume normal functioning between episodes of illness, although those with severe variants of BPAD not uncommonly become chronically ill. Most patients with schizophrenia, in contrast, are unable to achieve their premorbid functional level between exacerbations of illness and many experience a gradually declining course. 

The second question has the greater impact on treatment choice. There are four major possibilities to consider when trying to determine why the patient has relapsed. First, it may have been treatment failure due to inadequate dosing of the antipsychotic. Second, a psychosocial stressor may have triggered the exacerbation despite otherwise adequate antipsychotic treatment. Third, the patient may not be adherent with the antipsychotic. Finally, this may represent the natural course of this patient s illness. 

To understand the context of these other techniques, one should put them in perspective. One can rank methods for obtaining information in order of increasing confidence that the conclusions are valid. The order would be a single memorable case, a series of memorable cases, and a series of consecutive cases. The control observations for these would be historical controls, either articulated by the observer or merely understood. The assumption with the use of historical controls is that the controls are comparable to the patients and that the outcome of the treated patients if not given the new treatment would be identical to the historical controls. Often initial therapeutic trials of new cancer drugs are done in a consecutive series of treated patients and compared to historical controls. In these studies, the controls are usually not articulated. The authors assume that the natural course of the disease is so predictable in these patients that change from the predicted course is due to the drug. The validity of this assumption must be carefully examined when one interprets any study that is a case series. 

A weakness in the whole area of alternative therapies is that one cannot determine, even on a statistical basis, either the benefits or harms that the treatment may cause. It is this lack of valid knowledge about the intervention s effects that separates alternative methods from scientific medicine. Furthermore, because of the variable natural course of... 

It is still debated whether patients with two previous episodes should receive maintenance treatment. Overall, maintenance treatment has been recommended for adult depressed patients with two episodes who have one or more of the following criteria (Depression Guideline Panel, 1993) (1) a family history of bipolar disorder or recurrent depression, (2) early onset of the first depressive episode (before age 20), and (3) both episodes were severe or life threatening and occurred during the past 3 years. Given that depression in youth has similar clinical presentation, sequelae, and natural course as in adults, these guidelines should probably be applied for youth with two previous major depressive episodes. 

The ga idea so neatly explained by Pemety is physically displayed in Etant donnas. .. by the flaming gas lamp—in French, a feu de lampe—held aloft by the supine nude woman, and its obvious component parts, as terminology (in French), include Air, Chaleur, Feu, Feu de Lampe, Flamme, Lampe, Lumiere, Vapeur, etc., all of which are exhaustively treated by Pernety. Since these terms are all alchemical in their employment, as a matter of natural course they contextually repeat themselves. Given this, we need only note that it is Pemety s definition of one particular term, Lamp-Fire, which is the one that best fits Duchamp s particular picturing of his Illuminating Gas. The Feu de Lampe represents, once again, The Mercury of the Philosophers. Accordingly, Pemety explains that... 

Moreover, for patients who show a wide range of cycle frequencies (as is typical for bipolar illness), this strategy is likely to avoid many of the pitfalls associated with a high rate of placebo response, actually attributable to the natural course of illness and highly predictable on the basis of systematic retrospective and prospective life charting (Post et al. 1988 Squillace et al. 1984). 

Natural course of the disorder. Scone apparent placebo effects may be due to spontaneous remissions whereas others are clearl not. Spontaneous remissions are only partly predictable for a given time interval. Patients on waiting lists show clearly the natural course of the disease, spontaneous remission and worsening (see Fig. 5.3). 

De Swert, L. F. A., Cadot, R, Ceuppens, J. L. (2007). Diagnosis and natural course of allergy to cooked potatoes in children. Allergy, 62,750-757. 

Brunetto, M.R., F. Oliveri, G. Rocca, et al.. Natural course and response to interferon of chronic hepatitis B accompanied by antibody to hepatitis B e antigen. Hepatology, 1989.10 198-202. 

This study provides significant evidence that antipsychotics and ECT positively alter the natural course of illness and that experiencing a psychotic episode without early definitive therapy is harmful. The precise mechanism involved in producing this harm is unknown, but we would assume that ... 

An important implication of this observation is the suggestion that early intervention in schizophrenia could substantially alter the natural course of the illness. To investigate this idea, early-intervention projects have been developed. In one, primary physicians were trained to recognize the early symptoms of a mental disorder and to arrange consultation with an intervention team who assessed and treated the disorder. If early symptoms were present, the functional psychotic disorder was treated with low doses of the appropriate medication, often for a relatively short period of time (i.e., several weeks), and then tapered when symptoms abated while psychosocial intervention was continued. In some patients, symptoms returned and medication was reinstituted. The psychosocial program, social skills training, and social casework were continued for some time, and all patients were monitored for at least 2 years. Epidemiological data established that over the lifetime of this project, 7.5 new cases would be expected for 100,000 patients (227, 228). 

Davis JM, Andriukaitis S. The natural course of schizophrenia and effective maintenance drug treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986 6(suppl 1) 2S-10S. 

A depressive episode may result from a diverse group of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions ( Table 6-2) that differ in their natural course as well as in their response to treatment. Hence, a differential diagnosis is critical to the workup of an episode. 

Failure to consider differing natural courses of each subtype handicaps the clinician in anticipating sequelae or responding quickly when they occur. 

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