Manifold channels

FIGURE 5.2 Schematic of seals typically found in aplanar design SOFC stack with metallic interconnect and metallic internal gas manifold channels (possibly for counter flow pattern of fuel and air gases). 

Shunt currents are minimized in an innovative way by use of a protective current applied from the battery to the common electrolyte flowing through the manifold channels. The energy loss connected with this type of protection is reported as <5%. 

Fig. 10.8 Examples of substrate and manifold channels, flow components, and surface mount components fortheSwagelok MPC NeSSI system.

Figure 12.9 Quadrant manifold channel with mesh (a) and photographs of complete nickel mesh (b) and mesh pore (c). Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemist7[31].

Table 4.1 Pressure losses and temperature rise in manifold channels [1] (situation in CR also given for purposes of comparison)...

When pneumatic cylinders are used, there is no risk of oil leakage along the shut-off pin to the manifold channel. Pneumatic drives may be used at higher temperatures than hydraulic drives. 

For manifold design or selection, the following conditions should be met provision of identical cavity filling conditions in multi-cavity moulds minimisation of pressure losses in manifold channels ... 

The method of diffusion welding of plates enables manifold channels (see Figure 4.72) and also cooling channels with complex paths to be produced [22]. 

In the first case, transverse elongation of the manifold has to be taken into consideration in such a way that, when the mould and manifold have been heated, the nozzle and manifold channel are in a coaxial position (see Figure 4.99b). The nozzle position is set when the cavities were positioned, so the user must calculate the size of the manifold from channel axis to mould axis from the formula ... 

Manifold channels. In the event that a complete manifold is purchased, the channel diameters are set by the manufacturer from technical data supplied by the customer, and the manufacturer guarantees that the manifold will do its job. 

The simplest method is based on an injection cylinder located perpendicular to the shut-off system feeding melt from the side to the manifold channel (see Figure 9.9). Because of the need to transfer the nozzle thrust during injection, the manifold must rest on a support pad. 

Figure 8.12 Schematics of multiple modular microfluidic reactors, (a) An individual MF reactor for the synthesis of polymer particles comprising an emulsification and a polymerization compartment, (b) A module comprising 16 individual MF reactors connected by manifold channels, (c) An reactor comprising eight modules, (d) Images...

---