Corrosive to Metals

Corrosion rate on steel or aluminum surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm year at a test temperature of 55 °C. 

LD50 50 mg/kg body weight (skin/dermal) LC50 100 ppm (gas) 

Fatal in contact with skin (dermal) Fatal if inhaled (gas, vapor, dust, mist) 

LC50 between 0.05 and less than 0.5 (mg L ) (dust, mist) 

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Oxidation first produces soluble oxygenated compounds of molecular weights between 500 and 3000 that increase the viscosity of oil then they polymerize, precipitate, and form deposits. Oxidation also causes formation of low molecular weight organic acids which are very corrosive to metals. 

Furfuryl alcohol is shipped in bulk or dmms. Although not corrosive to metals, it is a powerful solvent and penetrant containers, tanks, lines, and valves need to be in good condition to avoid potential leakage. Furfuryl alcohol can be stored in containers lined with baked phenoHc resin coatings however, it should not be put in containers that are coated with lacquers, varnishes, or epoxy resins because it is an excellent solvent for many such coatings. 

Boric oxide is an excellent Lewis acid. It coordinates even weak bases to form four-coordinate borate species. Reaction with sulfuric acid produces H[B(HSO 4] (18). At high (>1000° C) temperatures molten boric oxide dissolves most metal oxides and is thus very corrosive to metals in the presence of oxygen. 

ASTM has estabhshed standard test methods to determine acid acceptance, acidity, alkalinity, color, corrosivity to metals, nonvolatile matter content. 

Siace dimer acids, monomer acids, and trimer acids are unsaturated, they are susceptible to oxidative and thermal attack, and under certain conditions they are slightly corrosive to metals. Special precautions are necessary, therefore, to prevent product color development and equipment deterioration. Type 304 stainless steel is recommended for storage tanks for dimer acids. Eor heating coils and for agitators 316 stainless steel is preferred (heating coils with about 4s m (50 ft ) of heat transfer surface ia the form of a 5.1 cm schedule-10 U-bend scroU are recommended for a 37. 9-m (10,000-gal) tank. Dimer acid storage tanks should have an iaert gas blanket. 

The oceans of the world are an important natural source of pollutant material. The ocean is continually emitting aerosols to the atmosphere, in the form of salt particles, which are corrosive to metals and paints. The action of waves on rocks reduces them to sand, which may eventually become airborne. Even the shells washed up on the beach are eroded by wave and tidal action until they are reduced to such a small size that they too may become airborne. 

Sodium plus vanadium in the fuel in excess of 100 ppm can be expected to form fuel ashes corrosive to metals by fuel oil ashes. 

Vanadium-Sodium Compounds Most Corrosive. Physical property data for vanadates, phase diagrams, laboratory experiments, and numerous field investigations have shown that the sodium vanadates are the lowest melting compounds and are the most corrosive to metals and refractories. These compounds are thought to form by either the vapor phase reaction of NaCI and V2O5 or by the combination of fine droplets of these materials upon the cooler parts of combustion equipment. 

Excess sodium hydroxide present can also be troublesome as the alkali reacts with the SO3 present in the gas stream to form a range of alkali sulfates which in themselves are highly corrosive to metallic components. In addition, the combination of alkali sulfate -l- V2O5 can result in compounds having melting points as low as 600°E. This situation is only encountered when alkali is present in amounts in excess of that which can react stoichiometrically with V2O5, since the formation of alkali vanadates is favored over that of alkali sulfates. 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water Moderate reaction with the evolution of heat Reactivity with Common Materials Rapidly absorbs moisture forming hydrochloric acid. Very corrosive to metals with the evolution of flammable and explosive hydrogen gas Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Flush with water and apply powdered limestone, slaked lime, soda ash, or sodium bicarbonate Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

An important class of expl materials contains metallic fuels and inorganic oxidants. Examples are Tritonal (TNT/A1, 80/20), Amatols (TNT/AN, 28/80 80/20), and Minol-2 (TNT/AN/A1, 40/40/20). Oxidants other than nitrates, such as chlorates and perchlorates, may be employed. Water solns containing these cations are highly corrosive to metals. Alkaline metal salts, for example, in the presence of moisture, will pit A1 quickly (Ref 6)... 

Organic picrates are usually more stable than PA, less sensitive to shock or heat and less corrosive to metals... 

Variable pH of returned condensate, which affects FW quality BW is always alkaline (often strongly caustic) and highly alkaline condensate may cause amphoteric corrosion to metal components in the condensate system... 

However, in a 1963 lecture it was pointed out that ether soaps had special characterics [10], i.e., good biodegradability, mildness to the skin, and less corrosiveness to metals, and that we should expect these soaps to play an important role in the future. However, the real breakthrough of the ether carboxylates came in the 1980s, when environmental properties of surfactants became even more important along with other properties of ether carboxylates such as chlorine stability, anticorrosiveness, lime soap dispersibility, electrolyte stability, alkaline stability, and so on. 

Hypochlorite lOOOppm av. Cb Minor contamination of inanimate surfaces Corrosive to metals Bleaches fabrics... 

Chlorine compounds Hypochlorite Severe Acid/neutral pH Irritation of skin, eyes and lungs OES 1ppm/3mgirr, tOmin 0.5ppm/1.5mgm", 8h Corrosive to metals... 

Corrosivity Corrosivity to metals Corrosivity to tissue Corrosion rates... 

Of the commonly used antifreeze agents, brines are the most corrosive to metals of the engines and exhibit scale deposition characteristics that are... 

Depending on the binder and type of metal cast, the pH of spent foundry sand12 can vary from approximately 4 to 8. As such, it has been reported that some spent foundry sands can be corrosive to metals.14 Spent foundry sand must be monitored to assess the need to establish controls for potential phenol discharges.91516... 

The presence of alkali salts may create other problems even in systems where deposition of hot vapors is not an issue. Alkali salts can be corrosive to metal surfaces and can poison catalysts such as those in tar cracking and synthesis gas applications. 

Low levels of resistance have been reported for some populations of Indian meal moth, almond moth, and red flour beetle populations in stored peanuts in the southeastern United States (Zettler et al., 1989), but no assessments are available for phosphine resistance in insect populations in mills, warehouses, processing plants, and other structural facilities. Phosphine can be corrosive to metals, particularly copper, electrical wiring, and electronic equipment (Bond et al., 1984), which limits its application in food processing facilities and warehouses. A new formulation of phosphine, in which phosphine gas is combined with carbon dioxide and released from a cylinder, alleviates some but not all of the corrosive effects of phosphine and is labeled for use as a structural treatment. 

A clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar. Flash point 129°F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 9.0 lb /gal. Used to make fibers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and explosives ( AAR,... 

When heated to decomposition, toxic chlorides are released (Lewis, 1990). Corrosive to metals releasing hydrogen chloride (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). 

Plastics. Part of the trend to substitute plastic and composite substrates for metals can be attributed to a desire to avoid the process of metallic corrosion and subsequent failure. Relatively little attention has been called to the possible failure modes of plastics under environments considered corrosive to metals. More extensive work should be conducted on the durability and life expectancy of plastic and composite materials under end-use environments. A further consideration is the potential for polymer degradation by the products of metal corrosion in hybrid structures comprising metal and polymer components. Since it is expected that coatings will continue to be used to protect plastic and composite substrates, ancillary programs need to be conducted on the mechanisms by which coatings can protect such substrates. 

Since dimer acids, monomer acids, and trimer acids are unsaturated, they are susceptible to oxidative and thermal attack, and under certain conditions they are slightly corrosive to metals, Special precautions arc necessary, therefore, to prevent product color development and equipment deterioration. 

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