Metal-containing material

In certain applications it has not always been easy to hnd suitable metallic container materials, particularly in the nuclear-energy industry, where, for certain applications, corrosion resistance of the same order as that required by the fine chemical industry has to be achieved in order to prevent contamination of the process stream. Such difflculties have stimulated the study of corrosion in fused salts and have led to a fairly high degree of understanding of corrosion reactions in these media. 

According to the homogeneous model, the metal-containing materials (in particular iron and nickel) and the silicate-containing material of the primeval solar cloud condensed out at about the same time. The proto-Earth thus formed was composed of a mixture of these two types of matter, which differed greatly in their densities. At that time, the Earth s temperature was probably only a few hundred degrees, and... 

A rough estimate of the total amount of anionic surfactant present can be obtained by reacting the surfactant with a metal-containing material such as bis(ethylenene diamine) copper (II) [199,200,203], or o-phenanthroline-CuS04, extracting the complex into an organic solvent (209 MIBK), and determining the metal by atomic absorption. 

The MelDAS technology is a modified incineration process in which high temperatures destroy organic contaminants in soil and concentrate metals into fly ash. Details of the metals immobilization process can vary based on the specific application, but the essential steps are to combine the toxic-metal containing material with the appropriate amount of sorbent, to form this mixture into pellets or briquets placing the metal compounds into intimate contact with the sorbent, and to heat treat the pellets causing a reaction to form nonleachable metal compounds. The MelDAS process requires a sorbent. 

Finally, Table 8 compares the extent of metal loss into the environment as a result of (1) the corrosion of our hypothetical HT material, (2) the anthropogenic dispersion of metal-containing materials used as fertilizers on Swiss soils, and... 

When a liquid crystal is a metal-containing material, it is called a metallomesogen. It is commonly accepted that the first report on metallomesogens was by Vorlander in 1923, who reported a series of mercury mesomorphic complexes (Figure 7.4) [2]. The subject was not very popular until the end of the 1970s, then the number of reports increased regularly until the 1990s and then stabilized. 

There are a number of chemical and physical properties that should be considered when designing or selecting metal-containing compounds as precursors for CVD of metal-containing materials. These properties can be broadly categorized into precursor volatility, reactivity, and solubility (for reasons that are described later). 

Other metal compounds that are capable of decomposing at end gas temperatures to produce oxide smokes also can act as anti-knocks. These include iron and nickel carbonyls, trimethyl bismuth and methyl cyclopen-tadienyl manganese tricarbonyl [6]. The last has been used commercially for some years in Canada. Its anti-knock properties also can be amplified by organic co-anti-knocks (diketones in this case) [47]. Concerns over the possible toxicity of fine aerosols which are emitted in the exhaust will limit the acceptability of these metal containing materials in the future. 

In the present work, AlMCM-41 materials with different nsi/n,y-ratios were used as support for copper and zinc species, which were introduced during the synthesis of the mesoporous molecular sieve. Characterization of the metal-containing materials was primarily achieved by carbon monoxide adsorption and temperature programmed reduction In particular the aim of this work was to distinguish between isolated copper species grafted on the wall of MCM-41 and/or or the formation of copper oxide clusters located in the channels... 

Gorden RG (2000) New liquid precursors for C VD of metal-containing materials. In Allendorf MD, Hitehman ML (eds) Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on chemical vapour deposition. Toronto, Canada. Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, pp248-259... 

NMR studies of metals in sohd state non-metallic materials such as zeolites, inorganic complexes, glasses, coals, polymers, metalloproteins, and RNA have been reviewed. The role of solid state NMR spectroscopy in investigating the structural and functional aspects of these materials with no long range order is evaluated. This overview presents several developments of solid state NMR to the study of a variety of metal containing materials. In particular, the use of the quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence for the acquisition of solid state NMR spectra of quadrupolar nuclei with low natural abundances and low NMR frequencies, and applications of solid state Cd NMR are covered in detail. 

The atom-atom method is extraordinarily flexible and transferable and can be applied to a great variety of molecular crysialiine systems, including metal-containing materials. " Rather than use the atom-atom potential energy method to obtain (more or less reliable) estimates of the enthalpy of the crystal, the method can be used as a... 

The first complexes of this type were those of Giroud-Godquin and Mueller-WesterholT ((195) M = Ni, Pt, Pd) and their synthesis marked the beginning of interest in mesomorphic, metal-containing materials. ... 

Although a wide range of methodologies exist for the preparation of hyperbranched polymers, examples of metal-containing materials— which are directly synthesized from organometallic monomers— are very limited. Reinhoudt and coworkers reported the preparation of hyperbranched polymers via self-assembly of an... 

While agreeing that heavy metals (mainly in pigments and dyes but also in compounds such as stabilizers, lubricants and anti-oxidants) produce trace amounts in the polymer, the Colour and Additive Compounders Division of the US Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) argues that this is at levels far below those which might pose a significant threat to health and the environment. It also argues that the metal-containing materials are encapsulated in the polymer matrix that, under typical conditions, does not break down chemically. The bioavailability of the metals is thus so limited as not to present a concern. 

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