Copoly acrylates

Copoly(Acrylic Acid - Butadiene) Copoly(Propylene Oxide - Tetrahydrofuran) P 631-2822... 

Copoly(Acrylic Acid - Vinylpyrrolidinone) i 631-1857 see Copoly-(a- Methylstyrene - Styrene) 631-... 

A use is for internally illuminated signs in which any color can be introduced. Its dii sional stability recommends it for many optical uses. Acrylics are modified by copoly-mf ition to improve impact strength at the loss their extreme transparency.. An example is aci -modified polyvinyl chloride sheet, which is tougher than aciylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate and is suitable for corrosion-resistant pans, aircraft parts and materia idling equipment. 

Indeed, the above results seem to point toward a free radical mechanism. Sen and coworkers [60] studied a model copper complex (Fig. 13) and concluded that the polymerization proceeds via a free radical mechanism (Scheme 7) and that the copper complex/MAO system is in fact a new example of a redox free radical generator, in which the role of MAO is to reduce copper(II) to copper completing the redox cycle. This rationale also offers a simple explanation for the observation that very high excesses of MAO are required for the ethylene/acrylate copoly -... 

Polyelectrolytes provide excellent stabilisation of colloidal dispersions when attached to particle surfaces as there is both a steric and electrostatic contribution, i.e. the particles are electrosterically stabilised. In addition the origin of the electrostatic interactions is displaced away from the particle surface and the origin of the van der Waals attraction, reinforcing the stability. Kaolinite stabilised by poly(acrylic acid) is a combination that would be typical of a paper-coating clay system. Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is often copolymerised into the latex particles used in cement sytems giving particles which swell considerably in water. Figure 3.23 illustrates a viscosity curve for a copoly(styrene-... 

The synthesis of acrylates from sugars and other substrates has been applied in the early phases of enzymatic reactions and has already been reviewed [2, 14]. The method is attractive because the enzyme allows for mild and, in some examples, stereoselective acrylation. A recent example was published by Popescu et al. who took advantage of the frequent transesterification reactions and reported a route to highly functional linear copoly(meth)acrylates [15]. Methyl (meth)acrylate was mixed with various functional alcohols in the presence of Novozym 435. In situ... 

Other examples of solvent effects in casting blends include epoxy resin/copoly-ester/tetrachloroethane polyethersulphone/poly(ethylene oxide)/cyclohexanone and mixtures of PVC with various polyacrylates in solvents such as THF One particular pair of polymers PVC/poly(ethyl acrylate) appear to be miscible but no suitable solvent has been found as yet. Homogeneous blends can only be prepared by in situ polymerisation though it is possible that miscibility is enhanced by small amounts of graft copolymer which is inevitably formed by this technique. 

Ichikawa, H. Tokumitsu, H. Jono, K. Osako, Y. Fukumori, Y. Coating of pharmaceutical powders by fluidized bed process. VI. Microencapsulation using blend and composite latices of copoly(ethyl acrylate-methyl methacryalte-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1994, 42 (6), 1308-1314. 

Ionomers of practical interest have been prepared by two synthetic routes (a) copolymerization of a low level of functionalized monomer with an olefinically unsaturated monomer or (b) direct functionalization of a preformed polymer. Typically, carboxyl containing ionomers are obtained by direct copolymerization of acrylic or methacrylic acid with ethylene, styrene and similar comonomers by free radical copoly-merization. Rees (22) has described the preparation of a number of such copolymers. The resulting copolymer is generally available as the free acid which can be neutralized to the degree desired with metal hydroxides, acetates and similar salts. Recently, Weiss et al.(23-26) have described the preparation of sulfonated ionomers by copolymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate with butadiene or styrene. 

Table 5. C-13 chemical shifts of 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl acrylate (AOTcp), polyAOTcp and equimolar copoly(AOTcp-styrene)...

P8 M is not the only polymer forming the isotropic smectic phase. To date, we have observed formation of that phase for a half-dozen chiral polymethacrylates and polysiloxanes. Table 5.1 summarizes the chemical structure and phase behavior of synthesized side-chain homopolymers, which carry chirally substituted side chains derived from asymmetric esters of terephthalic acid and hydroquinone. Such a structure with alternating orientation of carboxylic link groups seems to favour the formation of the IsoSm phase, whereas isomeric derivatives of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, where all carboxylic links have the same orientation, form only conventional Sm A and Sm C phases. Molar mass of all the synthesized homo- and copoly(meth)acrylates is within the range of 1 to 2-10 g mol the poiysilox-anes have the average degree of polymerization, p 35. 

Other studies have been performed on polyamide/high amylose starch and acrylic copoly-mers/high amylose starch systems [55, 115-117],... 

Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymer Poly- or copoly-methyl methacrylate (acrylic)... 

The miniemulsion is also well suited to the preparation of copolymers. Here, a mixture of hydrophobic monomers can be used, for example a mixture of styrene and MMA [20] or styrene and butyl acrylate [21], MMA and p-methylstyrene, vinyl hexanoate, or vinyl 2-ethyUiexanoate [22]. Fluorinated monomers can also be copolymerized with monomers such as MMA and styrene [14]. Miniemulsification of such mixed monomer species allows efficient copolymerization reactions to be performed with standard hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in a common heterophase situation, resulting either in core-shell latexes or in statistical copoly-... 

Vinylidene chloride copolymerizes randomly with methyl acrylate and nearly so with other acrylates. Veiy severe composition drift occurs, however, in copoly-merizations with vinyl chloride or methacrylates. Several methods have been developed to produce homogeneous copolymers regardless of the reactivity ratio (42). These methods are applicable mainly to emulsion and suspension processes where adequate stirring can be maintained. Copolymerization rates of VDC with small amounts of a second monomer are normally lower than its rate of homopolymerization. The kinetics of the copolymerization of VDC and VC has been studied (43-46). 

Poly(ethyl methacrylate) + poly(vinylidine fluoride) Copoly(raethyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate) blends Copoly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate) blends Copoly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) blends Copoiy(mefhyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate) blends Polystyrene + polybutadiene Polystyrene + polyisoprene Polystyrene + poly(vinyl methyl ether)... 

Emulsion copolymerizations can be carried out using batch, semi-continuous, or continuous processes. The copolymers made by these processes differ according to the process used, the copoly-meriztion reactivity ratios of the monomers, and the monomer solubilities in the aqueous phase. To show the difference between batch and semi-continuous polymerization, the latex particle size, surface characteristics, latex stability, copolymer properties, and latex film morphology were investigated for the vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate system (37). The water solubilities are 290 mM and llmM for vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate, respectively, and the copoly-merization reactivity ratios of = 0-0.04 and r 2 show... 

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