Copoly ester s

Instead of using diols and hydroxycarboxylic acids as monomers for condensation, the diacetate of the aromatic diols and the monoacetate of the aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid can be used. Then the process of polycondensation proceeds as transesterification. The diacetate of the aromatic diols is used in slight stoichiometric excess in order to compensate losses in the course of condensation. 

For example, a mixture of the monomers is heated with continuous stirring in the polymerization vessel from 130°C to 270°C during 75 min at atmospheric pressure under nitrogen flow. Then the mixture is heated up to 325°C within 195 min. At this stage, approximately 85% of the stoichiometric amount of the acetic acid is distilled off. Eventually, the temperature 

Benzoic acid, 4-[(3-ethyi-3-oxetanyi)methoxy]-, 4-[[4-(octyioxy)phenoxy]carbonyi]phenyi ester 

A process of polymerization has been described that starts with an acid chloride, and a hydroxy acid in xylene as a solvent. After reaction, the hydrogen chloride is neutralized. In the next step, additional diacid and aromatic diol is added, together with acetic anhydride. Thus the acetylated products are created on the fly in the polymerization vessel. Finally, the actual transesterification polycondensation is performed.  

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Certain aliphatic-aromatic copoly(ester)s are known to be biodegradable, i.e., they may undergo fragmentation and microbial breakdown within a composting environment. However, copoly(ester)s suffer from a poor melt strength in comparison to other resins (20). 

Blends of aliphatic-aromatic copoly(ester)s with EVA polymers have a higher melt strength than the aliphatic-aromatic copoly(ester)... 

Suppliers and commercial grades are shown in Table 16.7. Monomers and structural units used in commercial available LCPs have been sununarized in the literature. Vectra types are random copoly(ester)s based on HBA and 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid or copoly(ester amide)s based on 4-aminophenol and TPA. Xydar types are fully aromatic poly(ester)s based on HBA, BP, and TPA. Neat poly(ethylene terephthalate), is not a LCP. However, by the introduction of HBA it becomes a LCP. The ethylene groups act as flexible spacers that reduce the nematic transition temperature. Commercial available types of this kind are X7G and Rodrun types. Tradenames appearing in the references are shown in Table 16.8. 

K.-Y. Hsu, T.-C. Chang, and C.-H. Li, Studies on thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers Part X. Synthesis and properties of crossUnkable aromatic copoly(ester)s containing conjugated double bonds. Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, 31, 971 (1993). 

TPEs associating both rigid and soft polyester blocks have also been described. They cannot be obtained by the melt polyesterification used for polyesterether TPEs, since interchange reactions would yield random—rather than block — copolyesters. The preferred method involves the reaction of OH-terminated aliphatic and aromatic-aliphatic polyesters with chain extenders such as diisocyanates and results in copoly(ester-ester-urethane)s. 

Copoly(ether ester)s consisting of short-chain crystalline segments of PBT and amorphous poly(ether ester) of poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) exhibit a two-phase structure and can be used for the production of high-impact-strength engineering plastics. These very interesting materials with their outstanding properties understandably require stabilization to heat and UV exposure [45],... 

Kricheldorf [17] studied liquid-crystalline cholesteric copoly(ester-imide)s based on 1 or 2. The comonomers to obtain these chiral thermotropic polymers were N-(4-carboxyphenyl)trimellitimide, 4-aminobenzoic trimellitimide, 4-aminocinnamic acid trimellitimide, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,6-bis(4-carboxyphenoxyl) hexane. Apparently the poly (ester imide) chains are so stiff that the twisting power of the sugar diol has little effect. 

Incorporating different amounts of 1,10-decanediol into the above system, copoly (ester rotaxane)s 64 were also obtained [22]. The m/n values for these polyrotaxanes were related to the amount of BG applied the m/n value linearly in-... 

Similar to that in copoly(ester rotaxane)s 64, min for these poly(urethane rotax-ane)s increased with increasing BG, i.e. higher x values [116,117]. However, compared with the copoly(ester rotaxane), the dethreading occurred to lesser extent in these polyrotaxanes this is attributed to the fact that the NH groups retard dethreading by hydrogen bonding with the threaded crown ether as in structure 67. A linear relationship between min values and x was revealed. 

This type of ring expansion polymerization was extended for a synthesis of multiblock copoly(ether-ester)s of poly(THF) and e-caprolactone with cyclic dibutyltin initiators [142]. Such ring expansion polymerizations of lactones to synthesize macrocyclics with spirocyclic tin initiators are shown in Fig. 42 [143],... 

Kricheldorf and Probst [58] have studied a series of photoreactive cholesteric copoly(ester-imide)s incorporating p-PDA, N-(4-carboxyphenyl)trimellit-imide, 25, and chiral diols such as 26. Their intention was to develop chiral... 

Copoly(ester ester)s belong to the family of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and consist in general of thermo-reversible hard and elastic soft domains [11]. The copoly(ester ester) used here consists of 60% poly(butylene terephthalate), 35% poly(butylene adipate) and 5% 4,4 -methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), and shows domain sizes of about 20 nm [12]. The material possesses a rubber plateau between the glass transition temperature of the mixed amorphous PBA/PBT phase (the PBT phase is semi-crystalline) at about -30°C and the melting point of the PBT at about 220°C. Due to the vulnerability of the amorphous PBA/PBT soft domains towards water attack [13] the PBT/PBA copoly(ester ester) is used here to study the existence of ESC of a chemical rather than a physical nature. For the sake of clarity it should be emphasized that no additives have been used in the copoly(ester ester) described here. 

C. A raised temperature is used to accelerate the test and to also reflect the service conditions that PBT/PBA copoly(ester ester)s normally experience. The experimental set-up is depicted in Fig. 2. 

In Table 1 data on the extrusion behavior of some polymers and copolymers are summarized. Many of these data refer to the paper by Aharoni and Sibilia Some of the polymers listed in Table 1, namely the nylons and the copoly(ether ester)s, do not fulfill the requirements defined by Aharoni and Sibilia. Especially, the maximum achievable draw ratio seems to be less than ten for these systems. However, together with other workers in this area, we think that the term solid-state extrusion covers a wider field of interest than indicated by Aharoni and Sibilia. 

The segmented block copoly(ether ester)s, based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and on polyoxytetramethylene (POTM) are typical examples for this class of thermoplastic elastomers . They can be described as random copolyesters of tereph-thalic acid with 1,4-butanediol and a-hydro-hard phase whereas the remaining ester segments mix with the ether segments and build up the soft matrix. 

Fig. 7. Phase diagram of copoly(ester-imide)s prepared from the imide 16a and 4-acetoxy-benzoic acid [47]...

Table 6. Yields and properties of the copoly(ester-imide)s containing fert-butylhydroqui-none and isosorbid...

Polyimides, and derivative copolymers such as poly(ester-imide)s have been known for decades but none were reported before 1987 to contain lyotropic or thermotropic mesophases, except certain copoly(esterimide)s with three or more monomers [6,7]. 

The influence of the amount of hard segments in copoly(ester amide)s based on A,A -l,4-butanediyl-bis[6-hydroxy-hexanamide], dimethyl adipate, and 1,4-butanediol (Figure 8.6) on the thermal, physical, and mechanical properties has been studied in detail [36]. Thus, by increasing... 

AMphatic copoly(ester amide)s constituted by a polyester block were also synthesized by two-step polycondensation reactions using adipate, 1,4-butanediamine and linear diols with chain lengths that ranged from 3 to 6 methylene... 

Synthesis, structure, and properties of a set of alternating copoly(ester amide)s made from L-tartaric acid, succinic acid, and n-amino-l-alkanols (n=2, 3, and 6) (Figure 8.14) have been studied in order to understand the influence of the heterogeneity introduced in the polymer microstructure from the differences in constitution of succinic and tartaric units [59,60]. These PEAs contained equal amounts of amide and ester groups and were stereoiegular and easily synthesized by the condensation of the p-toluene sulfonate salts of bis(aminoaIkyl) succinates with active esters of tartaric acid. Polymers displayed... 

Sin Sinh, L. H., Son, B. T., Tmng, N. N., Lim, D.-G., Shin, S. H., Bae, J.-Y. Improvements in thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of epoxy resin by chemical modification with a novel amino-terminated liquid-crystalline copoly (ester amide). Reactive Ftmctional Polym. 72 (2012) 542-548. 

Molina 1., Bueno M., Galbis, Zamora F., Galbis J.A., Carbohydrate-based copolymers. Synthesis and characterization of copoly(ester amide)s containing L-arabinose units, Macromolecules, 35, 2002, 2977-2984. 

Sirithep W, Morita K, Iwano A, Komachi T, Okamura Y, Nagase Y. Syntheses and properties of elastic copoly(ester-urethane)s containing a phosphohpid moiety and the fabrication of nanosheets. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2014 25(14—15) 1540-57. 

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